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A Level - Biology > Random Bio Definitions > Flashcards

Random Bio Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of polarised.

A

A change in potential difference.

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2
Q

Definition of resting potential.

A

The potential difference across a cell membrane when it’s resting.

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3
Q

Definition of millivolt.

A

Unit of measurement for potential difference.

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4
Q

Definition of active transport.

A

Diffusion against concentration gradient that requires energy.

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5
Q

What is a sodium-potassium pump?

A

It’s a co-transporter protein for sodium ions (going out) and potassium (going in).

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6
Q

What is a potassium ion channel?

A

It’s a channel protein that transports potassium ions.

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7
Q

Definition of facilitated diffusion.

A

Diffusion across a membrane with the use of proteins.

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8
Q

Definition of ion.

A

A molecule that’s charged.

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9
Q

Definition of an electrochemical gradient.

A

It’s the concentration of ions.

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10
Q

Definition of permeable.

A

The ability for molecules to move across a membrane.

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11
Q

What is a “voltage-gated” channel protein?

A

A channel protein which only open/function when they are hit with a certain voltage.

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12
Q

Definition of a threshold.

A

The potential needed for a response/movement>

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13
Q

Definition of an action potential.

A

The rapid change in potential.

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14
Q

Definition of a stimulus.

A

The change in an organism’s environment.

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15
Q

Definition of depolarisation.

A

The decrease in potential difference across a membrane.

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16
Q

Definition of repolarisation.

A

The return of a cell membrane to its resting potential.

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17
Q

Definition of hyperpolarisation.

A

The increase in potential difference across a cell’s membrane.

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18
Q

Definition of phosphorylation.

A

The attaching of an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule.

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19
Q

What is ATP hydrolase?

A

The enzyme which aids with hydrolysis.

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20
Q

What is ATP synthase?

A

The enzyme which aids with phosphorylation.

21
Q

What does autotroph mean?

A

Self-feeding.

22
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

A photosynthesising organism.

23
Q

Definition of aerobic respiration.

A

Respiration with oxygen.

24
Q

Definition of anaerobic respiration.

A

Respiration without oxygen.

25
Q

Definition of the compensation point.

A

Where the rate of photosynthesis matches the rate of respiration.

26
Q

Definition of photophosphorylation.

A

The attaching of an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule using light.

27
Q

What is the function of a starch grain?

A

To store carbohydrates.

28
Q

Where does the light-dependent reaction take place?

A

The thylakoid membrane.

29
Q

Where does the light-independent reaction take place?

A

The stroma.

30
Q

What is a granum?

A

Stacked thylakoid membranes.

31
Q

What is the function of a coenzyme?

A

It aids the function of an enzyme.

32
Q

What are electron carriers?

A

Proteins which carry/transfer electrons.

33
Q

What is the electron transfer chain?

A

The chain of proteins through which excited electrons flow.

34
Q

Definition of photoionisation.

A

The turning of an atom or molecule into an ion using light energy.

35
Q

Definition of photolysis.

A

The splitting of a molecule using light energy.

36
Q

Definition of skeletal muscle.

A

Muscle that is attached to bone.

37
Q

Definition of antagonist.

A

Muscles which work opposing to another.

38
Q

Definition of agonist.

A

Muscles which co-ordinate motion.

39
Q

Definition of antagonistic pair.

A

A pair of muscles which work together.

40
Q

Definition of myofibril.

A

Elongated fibre in a muscle cell.

41
Q

Definition of myofilaments.

A

Small section of myofibril made of actin and myosin.

42
Q

Definition of actin.

A

Thin myofilaments.

43
Q

Definition of myosin.

A

Thick myofilaments.

44
Q

Definition of multinucleate.

A

Multiple nuclei.

45
Q

Definition of sarcolemma.

A

The membrane of the muscle cell.

46
Q

Definition of sarcoplasm.

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell.

47
Q

Definition of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A

Where Ca+ ions are stored and released from.

48
Q

Definition of transverse tubules.

A

Folds in a membrane that distributes charge.

49
Q

Definition of sarcomere.

A

A unit of myofibril, consisting of actin and myosin that make up the A and I bands.

A Level - Biology (9 decks)

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