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Random drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

TB drugs:

A

Isoniazid (first line; Pyridoxine (Vit B6 used to prevent liver damage)

Rifampin

Other first line drugs:
Pyrazinamide
Streptomycin (antibiotic)
Ethambutol

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2
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

Use

A

Diet aid
Athletic Enhancer
Nasal decongestant

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3
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Interaction with MAOIs–> serotonin syndrome
  • Sympathomimetic effects
  • Catecholamine depletion with long-term use–> hemodynamic instability
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4
Q

Ephedra (Ma Huang):

time d/c before surgery

A

24 hours

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5
Q

Garlic:

Use

A

Antiplatelet
Hypertension
hyperlipidemia

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6
Q

Garlic:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleed risk (4 G’s increase bleeding)

decreased serum glucose

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7
Q

Garlic:

time d/c before surgery

A

7 days

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8
Q

Ginger:

use

A

Nausea

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9
Q

Ginger:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleeding risk

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10
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

use

A

Anti-aging

poor circulation

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11
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

Interactions and toxicity

A

increased bleed risk

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12
Q

Ginkgo Biloba:

time d/c before surgery

A

36 hours

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13
Q

Ginseng:

use

A

Antioxidant

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14
Q

Ginseng:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Increases bleeding risk
  • Enhances SNS effects of sympathomimetics
  • May cause hypoglycemia (risk in fasting patient)
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15
Q

Ginseng:

time to d/c before surgery

A

7 days

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16
Q

Kava Kava:

use

A

Anxiety

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17
Q

Kava Kava:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Decreases MAC (increase GABA)

- May prolong duration of anesthetic agents

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18
Q

Kava Kava:

time to d/c before surgery

A

24 hours

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19
Q

Licorice:

use

A

Gastric and duodenal ulcers

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20
Q

Licorice:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Mimic effects of aldosterone (Na+ and H2O retention + decreased K+)
-Can be confused with Conn’s syndrome

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21
Q

Saw Palmetto:

use

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

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22
Q

Saw Palmetto:

Interactions and toxicity

A

Increased bleeding risk

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23
Q

St. John’s Wort:

use

A

depression

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24
Q

St. John’s wort:

Interactions and toxicity

A
  • Induction of CYP3A4 (decreased serum level of warfarin, protease inhibitors, digoxin)
  • Interaction with MAOI’s and meperidine–> serotonin syndrome.
  • May prolong duration of anesthetic agent.
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25
St. John's wort: | time to d/c before surgery
5 days
26
Valerian: | use
Anxiety
27
Valerian: | Interactions and toxicity
- Decreases MAC (increases GABA) - May prolong duration of anesthetic agents - Abrupt d/c may cause withdraw (taper over several weeks)
28
Non-selective alpha 1 blockers
phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
29
Alpha1 selective blockers
Doxazosin and prazosin
30
Antiarrhythmic class 1a:
Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopryamide
31
Antiarrhythmic class 1b:
Lidocaine, Phenytoin
32
Antiarrhythmic class 1c:
Flecainide, Propafenone
33
Cox1 inhibitors:
NSAIDS | ASA
34
Glycoprotein 2b/3a antagonist: | and MOA
inhibits plt aggregation via surface receptors Tirofiban Eptifibatide (integrillin) Abciximab (reopro)
35
Thienopyridine Derivatives: | and MOA
inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking ADP transferase. Clopidogrel Ticlopidine
36
Low molecular weight heparin: | and MOA
irreversibly inhibits IIa and Xa. Enoxaparin Dalteparin Tinzaparin
37
Anti vit K drugs: | and MOA
warfarin impairs vit k dependent clotting factors: 2, 7, 9, 10
38
Thrombolytic agents: | and MOA
plasminogen activation. T-PA Streptokinase Alteplase Urokinase
39
Clopidogrel: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet ADP receptor inhibitor 7 days
40
Ticlopidine: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet ADP receptor inhibitor 14 days
41
Prasugrel: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet ADP receptor inhibitor 2-3 days
42
Ticagrelor: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet ADP receptor inhibitor 1-2 days
43
Abciximab: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet G2b/3a receptor antagonist 3 days
44
Eptifibatide: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet G2b/3a receptor antagonist 1 day
45
Tirofiban: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet G2b/3a receptor antagonist 1 day
46
Aspirin: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet COX1-2 inhibitor 7 days
47
NSAIDS: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet COX1-2 inhibitor 1-2 days
48
Rofecoxib: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet COX 2 inhibitors None
49
Celecoxib: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Antiplatelet COX 2 inhibitors None
50
unfractionated heparins: class? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant (Heparins factor 2, 10a) 6 hours
51
low molecular weight heparins: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure? examples of LMWH?
Anticoagulant (heparins factor 2, 10a) 1-2 days Enoxaparin Dalteparin Tinzaparin
52
Hirudin: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant Thrombin inhibitor 8hrs
53
Argatroban: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant Thrombin inhibitor 4-6 hours
54
Bivalirudin: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant Thrombin inhibitor 2-3 hours
55
Fondaparinux: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant Factor 10 inhibitor 4 days
56
Warfarin: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Anticoagulant Vit K antagonist (factors 2,7,9,10, protein c/s) 2-4 days
57
tPA: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Fibrinolytic Plasminogen activator 1 hour
58
Streptokinase: class/MOA? time to stop before procedure?
Fibrinolytic Plasminogen activator 3 hours
59
Aminocaproic acid: | Class/MOA
Plasminogen activation inhibitor
60
Tranexamic acid: | Class/MOA
Plasminogen activation inhibitor
61
Aprotinin: | Class/MOA
inhibits plasmin, kvllikrein, thrombin, and protein C
62
DDAVP: | Class/MOA
stimulates factor 8 and vWF release
63
Protamine: | Class/MOA
reverses heparin
64
Vitamin K: | class/MOA
Required for production of factors 2,7,9,10, protein c/s. | reverses the effects of vit k antagonists (warfarin)
65
Acetazolamide:
Diuretic: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | used in glaucoma (decreases aqueous humor production)
66
Timolol:
non selective beta blocker | used in glaucoma (decreases aqueous humor production)
67
Echothiophate:
irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used in glaucoma (facilitates aqueous humor drainage) can prolong such and ester-LA
68
Dopamine antagonists:
metaclopramide (reglan) haloperidol chlorpromazine Risperidone
69
Bromocriptine:
Dopamine agonist | used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome
70
SSRIs:
``` Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine Citalopram St. John's Wart (can cause serotonin syndrome) ```
71
MAOIs:
Phenelzine Tranylcypromine Selegiline
72
Cyproheptadine:
5-HT-3 antagonist | used to treat serotonin syndrome
73
physostigmine:
anti cholinesterase | used to treat anticholinergic poisoning
74
Aminophylline:
nonselective PDE-I bronchodilator | can increase seizure duration in ECT
75
Lithium:
prolongs duration of succ and NDMR
76
Methohexital:
Barb | gold standard for ECT
77
Tricyclic Antidepressants:
"I Am Not" Imipramine Amitriptyline Nortriptyline
78
Selective Norepi Reuptake inhibitors:
``` "Ven Mil Deluxe" (like Venmo deluxe but mispronounced) Venlafaxine Duloxetine Milnacipran (can cause serotonin syndrome) ```
79
Memantine:
NMDA antagonist | used to treat complex regional pain syndrome
80
Antibiotics: | Beta-Lactam
Penicillin Cephalosporins Ampicillin (allergic reaction most common of all abx)
81
Antibiotics: | Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin Streptomycin (ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skeletal muscle weakness)
82
Antibiotics: | Tetracyclines
Doxycycline | Hepatotocicity, nephrotoxicity
83
Antibiotics: | Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin (GI intolerance, tendonitis and tendon rupture)
84
Antibiotics: | Macrolides
Erythromycin | P450 inhibition
85
Antibiotics: | Clindamycin
skeletal muscle weakness | allergic reactions
86
Antibiotics: | Vancomycin
Rapid infusion leads to hypotension red man syndrome Steven-johson syndrome
87
Antibiotics: | metronidazole
peripheral neuropathy | alcohol intolerance
88
ABX contraindicated in pregnancy:
Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Fluoroquinolones Tetracyclines
89
5HT3 antagonists:
Ondansetron 4-8mg Granisetron 1mg Doasetron 12.5mg (PONV)
90
Neurokinin-1 antagonist:
Aprepitant (PO) 40mg | PONV
91
Dopamine antagonists:
``` Droperidol 0.625-1.25mg Haloperidol 0.5-2mg Metoclopramide 10-20mg Prochlorperazine 10mg (PONV) ```
92
Antihistamines for PONV:
Diphenhydramine 25mg Hydroxyzine 12.5-25mg Promethazine 12.5-25mg
93
Anticholinergic for PONV:
Scopolamine 1.5mg

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