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random facts Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the Gracchi brothers do

A

extended the power of the tribunate

it was quashed by sulla

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2
Q

what qualities did Cicero place importance on

A

duty, libertas, dignitas and traditional moral

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3
Q

was cicero in favour of a democracy

A

no. He thought that the general populace had an inability to govern the state. He thought that boni should rule.

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4
Q

what was key to cicero in the success of Rome

A

no democracy. Concordia ordinum between optimates and equites. Boni ruled Rome and have positions in powerful places. Through their exended patronage they could then help the people and maintain peace

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5
Q

cum dignitae otium

A

peace with dignity

total religious, political and social status quo

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6
Q

why did caelius want cicero to send him pnathers

A

for his aedileship

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7
Q

who was killed at Parthia

A

Crassus

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8
Q

who was Tiro

A

slave of Cicero

published In Verrem

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9
Q

ciceros attitude to Provinces

A

he was bored
hated being away from Rome and Politics
he feared that governorship would impair his reputation
he would refuse to use corruption and exploit the rpovince

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10
Q

Populares attitude to provinces

A

JC and Pompey looked at provinces as a opportunity t get military conquest
they gained honour, wealth, clients
formed a political advancement
Many people like Caelius and Brutus exploited provinces. so did Verres. It was typical

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11
Q

How did Cicero try to avoid leaving Italy and Rome

A

as quaestor he recognised to gain political influence he needs to stay in Rome
He gathered the evidence for verres trail in Sicily. He was only there for 50 days so shows how rapidly he wanted to return back to Rome
Cicero did not put himself for proprietorship. Wanted to stay in Rome and campaign for Consul
When he was exiled he sent many letters highlighting his anger and upset

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12
Q

who planned caesars assasination

A

brutus

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13
Q

what happened we sullas constitution was destroyed

A

the rigourous restrictions on the CH were relaxed
Tribunes regain power of veto
jury reformed to senators, equites

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14
Q

why did the senate refuse Pompeys laws for land and ratification of provinces

A

as revenge for using the tribune to get imperium against mithridates

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15
Q

what did Caesar bring to the TV

A

popularity

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16
Q

what did Crasus bring to the TV

A

Wealth and equestrian support

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17
Q

what did Pompey bring to the TV

A

prestige and loyal ary

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18
Q

why was the TV formed

A

so that each individual could complete their own political ideals

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19
Q

why did Caesar join the TV

A

support for consulship

Province

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20
Q

why did Pompey join TV

A

land for veterans

and ratification of deals in the East

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21
Q

why did Crassus join the tv

Study These Flashcards
A

tax rebates for equestrians

22
Q

why did the senate call Caesars career illegal

Study These Flashcards
A

he was consul with Bibulus who called the rest of the year a sacred period where no laws could be passed. However Caesar passed laws. He also used force against Bibulus. This enabled the senate to persecute Caesar ones he became a private citizen

23
Q

Campanian law

Study These Flashcards
A

caesars land bill
distributed public land to urban poor
opposed strongly by optimates

24
Q

Clodius

Study These Flashcards
A

roman statesmen and politican
tribune
he introduced grain dole so favoured by people
he was involved in the Bona dea scandal which created resentments between him and Cicero

25
why did clodius exile Cicero
in 61BC boa dea scandal where cicero testified against Clodius for his illicit acts of sneaking into a womens festival and having an affair with JC wife in 58BC Clodius becomes tribune. He exiles Cicero as he passed a law which meant that anyone who put someone to death without a trial has to be banished. Cicero did so with the Catiline conspiracy
26
what are collegia
clubs Clodius allowed them Meant that gangs started to form Rome was now put into a time of gang warfare
27
deep resentments between Pompey and Crassus
71BC Pompey settled Spartacus uprising. Crassus was there already but Pompey took credit for the defeat. Moreover in the Senate Pompey was awarded a triumph while Crassus only a standing ovation. So Pompey and Crassus tried hard to mask their feelings for eachother
28
triumvirate under pressure 1
Pompey and Crassus had both gotten what they wanted out o the TV ( pompey land for veterans and ratification of Asia Minor, and Crassus tax rebates) So now had no use for the TV and their hated for eachother became apparent
29
Triumverate under pressure 2
Pompey was suspicious that Crassus was behind Clodius gang, and its attacks on Pompey trying to publicaly humiliate him
30
Triumverate under pressure 3
Pompey was married to JC sister, Julia She died in 54BC This ended any amicitea they had
31
Triumverate under pressure 4
Caesar was in Gual | Both Pompey and Crassus were jealous of his succes
32
Triumverate under pressure 5
Cicero was trying to pull Pompey away form the TV and join the optimates
33
Triumverate under pressure 6
Campania law which Caesar passed to give land to urban poor. Senate wanted a change to it which Pompey supported as it would give him more power over grain supply
34
The new need of all three men to stay in the TV
CAESAR so that to keep himself in power of Gaul POMPEY he was inbetween optimates and populares so breaking TV would have gained him powerful enemies CRASSUS needed glory
35
Breakdown of the TV
Julia died Crassus killed so split between JC and Pompey likely No consuls elected in 53 due to gange warfare so Rome in perilous situation Ceasar offered Pompey his great niece as a wife Pompey refused and married a daughter of a optimate
36
Significnce of 52 BC
Rome ruled by gang warfare No consuls appointed People wanted Pompey to become dictator and help Rome Pompey was given sole consulship Pompey stayed between JC and Optimates. He needed JC for political strength and senate needed Pompey to keep order in Rome
37
View of Pompey in 51 BC
Keep balance between JC and Optimates | Ambitious and selfish Populares. He did not want Caesars power to rise to same level as his
38
View of Caesar in 51BC
He new if he came back to Rome as a private cictizen he would get put on trial for his illegal career. This is why he stayed in Gaul and asked to be allowed to campaing in absentia thus not returning to Rome. Also wanted, after his consulship, to be secured a province so that he could flee Rome
39
Optimates View in 51BC
wanted to recall Ceasar and convict him for illegal career
40
Importance of Curio in 50BC
Tribune He propsed that JC and Pompey both give up their commands Neither of them wanted to do so as they wanted to have power over eachother, and not be equal
41
vote in 50BC
vote in senate so that both give up commands 370 to 22 22 were optimates
42
what led to civil war
Caesar crossed Rubicon
43
what were ciceros political ambitions
consul, advisor, he does what's best for Rome but also wants to raise his own personal power.
44
Importance of conference at luca
reaffirmation of the triumvirate all members got power in provinces cicero told to stop opposing the triumvirate cicero is trying to get pompey closer to republic as well as Caesar
45
why the senate put their hopes on Pompe
pompey will always do whats best for the republic
46
Actions leading up to CIVIL WAR
optimates for a long time were trying to get Caesar back from Gaul , as a private citizen so they could charge him for his illegal crimes Caesar coming to his end term as governor in Gaul, he needs to save himself as does not want to be arrested so he suggests through Curio that he and Pompey both disband their armies. Both refuse to do so as want more power. Senate do not want Pompey to do so as need him as a power figure. so voted against it. Because of the fear of being convicted he crossed the Rubicon.
47
de imperio
imperium for Pompey. speech by cicero against mithridates
48
cicero and his character
very pragmatic even though he sided with the optimates he understood the need for change all he wanted was stability and peace, so was willing to compromise for this
49
What actions did Caesar take whilst member of TV that kept in ideals of Populares
Campania Law Passed Pompey's Veterans and ratification Passed Crassus' tax rebates Opposed Catiline Conspiracy. Against optimates so populares A lot of evidence that he had a hugely loyal army. Populares would care for the needs of the people. Respected his men whatever their class He stood for election through the popular votes for consulship Passed laws through popular assemblies Passed law to stop exploitation of provinces while he was consul in 58BC
50
Cicero and Caesar were always opposed to eachother. Discuss this statement
Yes: Different views on Catiline Conspiracy Caesar asked Cicero to join TV. Cicero refused. He would rather retire from political life and go away from Greece than join TV Cicero opposed Campania Law Cicero wanted Caesars recall and changing of Campania law and conviction No: Differences may have not been so different if Caesar thought that they're was a chance he would join if he wrote the letters Shared love for oratics, poetry and literature Caesar forgave Cicero So maybe not as opposed However in Letters we see Cicero's delight at Caesars death
51
why was Caesar so succesfull
``` He recognised the importance of backing the people He knew the urban poor were the social class that were going to stay and thus by empowering them he could build is own power base and clients ```

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