Random Important Facts

Question 1

The only bone of the foot that articulates with leg bones

Answer 1

Talus

Question 2

Rear foot

Answer 2

Talus and Calcaneus

Question 3

Midfoot

Answer 3

Navicular

Cuboid

Medial, Middle, and Lateral Cuneiforms

Question 4

Forefoot

Answer 4

Metatarsals and Phalanges

Question 5

Retinacula

Answer 5

Fascia thickenings

Act as pulleys by keeping tendons close to the joint

Mechanically they decrease the leverage on the tendons

But increase range of motion

Prevent bowstring

Question 6

Weightbearing foot bones

Answer 6

50% through calcaneus

50% through metatarsals

Question 7

Medial Longitudinal arch

Answer 7

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Medial, Middle, Lateral Cuneiforms

Metatarsals 1-3

Question 8

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Answer 8

Calcaneus

Cuboid

Metatarsals 4, 5

Question 9

Transverse Tarsal Arch

Answer 9

Base of the metatarsals

Cuboid

Cuneiforms

Question 10

Windlass Mechanism

Answer 10

Plantar aponeurosis originates from calcaneus and attaches to base of the proximal phalanxes

Traverses longitudinal arches and the metarsalphalangeal (MTP) joints

Toe extension during push off acts to tighten the plantar aponeurosis

Helps to stabilize the longitudinal arches of the foot during push off

Question 11

Open Chain Pronation

Answer 11

Non-weightbearing

Calcaneal Eversion

Calcaneal Dorsiflexion

Forefoot ABduction

Question 12

Open Chain Supination

Answer 12

Non-weightbearing

Calcaneal Inversion

Calcaneal Plantarflexion

Forefoot ADduction

Question 13

Closed Chain Pronation

Answer 13

Weight Bearing

Calcaneal Eversion
Forefoot ABduction
Talar ADduction and Plantarflexion

Knee Flexion and valgus

Hip Internal Rotation and Flexion

Question 14

Closed Chain Supination

Answer 14

Weight Bearing

Calcaneal Inversion
Forefoot ADduction
Talar ABduction and Dorsiflexion

Knee Extension and Varus

Hip External Rotation and Extension

Question 15

Femoral Triagle

Answer 15

Boundaries

Medially by the Adductor Longus
Laterally by the Sartorius
Proximally by the Inguinal Ligament

Contains

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein

Floor
Illiopsoas
Pectineus

Palpated with slightly flexed, abducted, externally rotated hip

Question 16

Hip joint angle of inclination

Answer 16

Frontal Plane

Femoral neck to shaft angle

Normally 125-135 degrees

135, Coxa Valga, results in increased hip abduction

Question 17

Hip joint femoral head anterversion

Answer 17

Transverse Plane

Femoral Neck relative to Anatomical Knee Axis

If head is anterior to axis, femur is anteverted

If head is posterior to knee axis, femur is retroverted

Normal is 12 degrees femoral anteversion

Question 18

Bursae of the knee

Answer 18

Collapsed bags or sheaths lined with synovial membrane/fluid

Form deep to tendons or muscles that rub over another structure with movement

Reduce rubbing friction between muscle/tendon and structure it passes over

11 bursae in the knee

Question 19

Tibiofemoral Alignment

Answer 19

Angle formed by long axis of femur and the tibia in the frontal plane

Shaft of femur runs inferiomedially in normal adult

Tibiofemoral alignment is normally 170-175

Question 20

Q angle

Answer 20

Angle created by joining 2 lines

ASIS to mid patella

Mid patella to tibial tuberosity

15 degrees or less considered normal in adult

Greater Q angle corresponds to increased genu valgum

Typically larger in females

Question 21

Acetabulum facts

Answer 21

Faces anterolateroinferiorly

Acetabular Labrum (fibrocartilagenous lips) increases stability of the joint, but sacrifices mobility

Acetabular notch is bridged by Transverse ligament

Question 22

Wolfes Law

Answer 22

1

Question 23

Trendelumberg gait (compensated/uncompensated)

Answer 23

1

Question 24

Trendelumberg sign

Answer 24

1

Question 25

Flexor Hood Mechanism

Answer 25

1

Question 26

Anatomical Snuff Box

Answer 26

Medial Boundary: Extensor Pollicis Longus Lateral Boundary: Abductor Pollicis Longus Ext Pollicis Brevis Floor: Scaphoid bone Content: Radial Artery

Question 27

Extensor Expansion

Answer 27

Extensor expansion inserts onto metacarpal heads, base of the proximal phalanx and palmar ligament plates Continues along phalanxes dividing into bands which insert onto base of the middle and distal phalanxes Tendons flatten out as they pass over the distal ends of the metacarpals

Question 28

Carpal Tunnel

Answer 28

Made up of flexor retinaculum and carpals Houses various flexor tendons and median nerve

Question 29

Flexor retinaculum of wrist

Answer 29

Connects pisiform and hook of hamate to scaphoid and trapezium Tie beam which maintains concavity of wrist in transverse plane Prevents bow stringing of extrinsic hand flexors Surface for muscular attachments

Question 30

Cubital fossa

Answer 30

Triangular space and the anterior aspect of the elbow Borders are Medially: Pronator teres Laterally: Brachioradialis Superiorly: Epicondylar line Contents from lateral to medial: Biceps tendon Brachial artery Terminal branches (Radial and ulnar) Median and radial nerves