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MCM Midterm > Random Knowledge > Flashcards

Random Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

What 2 enzymes in heme biosynthesis are inhibited by Pb

A
  • Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) DH

- Ferrochelatase

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2
Q

What are the markers of myocardial infarction

A

Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Isozyme of Lactate DH (LDH-1)
Troponin (cTn-I)

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3
Q

Malonyl CoA inhibits what enzyme in FA degradation

A

Carnitine Acyltransferase

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4
Q

Dietary cholesterol induces expression of which desaturase

A

9

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5
Q

Where is palmitate converted to longer chain FA’s?

A

SER or mitochondria

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6
Q

What is the precursor for EPA and DHA?

A

Linolenic acid (18:3)

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7
Q

Where does FA activation occur?

A

Cytosol

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8
Q

What length(s) of FA’s can diffuse into mitochondria without active transport?

A

Short and Medium chain FA’s

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9
Q

What type of transport is used by Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT)?

A

Secondary active
Antiport
FA-carnitine in and carnitine out

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10
Q

What are the 4 steps of B oxidation and the enzyme associated with each step?

A

Oxidation: Acyl CoA DH (ACAD)
Hydration: Enoyl CoA hydratase
Oxidation: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DH
Thiolysis: Acetyl CoA Acetyltransferase (B:keto thiolase)

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11
Q

How many ATP does catabolism of palmitic acid give?

A

129

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12
Q

What 2 coenzymes are required in the B oxidation of odd numbered FA’s?

A

Biotin (B7) for Propionyl CoA Carboxylase

Cobalmin (B12) for Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

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13
Q

What enzyme is used in Peroxisomal B Oxidation instead of ACAD?

A

Acyl CoA oxidase

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14
Q

Where are Ketone bodies produced?

A

Liver ONLY

Mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes

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15
Q

How many ATP’s does acetoacetate yield?

A

23 ATP

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16
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of ketone body synthesis

A

HMG CoA synthase

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17
Q

Components of outer leaflet

A

Phosphatidylcholine
Glycolipids
Sphingomyelin

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18
Q

Components of inner leaflet

A

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamine

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19
Q

What components does Acid Sphingomyelinase normally break sphingomyelin into?

A

Ceramide and Phosphocholine

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20
Q

3 factors that influence membrane fluidity

A

Temp
Lipid composition
Cholesterol

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21
Q

Tetrodotoxin inhibits what kind of channel?

A

Sodium channel

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22
Q

In P type ATPases, what AA residue is phosphorylated?

A

Aspartate (D)

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23
Q

What type of transport does NCX utilize and how many of each ion is transported

A

Secondary active
Antiport
3 Na+ in
1 Ca2+ out

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24
Q

2 examples of P type ATPase

A

Na/K ATPase

Ca ATPase

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25
What gene is botched in cystic fibrosis
CFTR
26
Alcohol calories/g
7
27
Fat cal/g
9
28
Overweight BMI
25-29.9
29
Obese BMI
30-40
30
What part of small intestine is fat, iron and folate absorbed
Duodenum
31
What part of small intestine is bile acids and Vit B12 absorbed
Ileum
32
Which GLUT transporter has the lowest affinity
GLUT2
33
Net yield of glycolysis
2 ATP 2 NADH 2 pyruvate
34
What enzymes in glycolysis result in the production of ATP
- Phosphoglycerate kinase | - Pyruvate kinase
35
PFK-1 Inhibitors
- ATP | - Citrate
36
3 irreversible steps of glycolysis
Hexokinase/glucokinase PFK-1 Pyruvate kinase
37
What monosaccharide(s) can glucokinase utilize as its substrate?
Only glucose
38
Four fates of pyruvate
Reduced to lactate Oxidized in TCA cycle to Acetyl CoA then CO2 Converted to alanine Converted to ethanol
39
Irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate Carboxylase PEPCK F 1,6 BPase G6Pase
40
What is the rate limiting step on gluconeogenesis and what step of glycolysis does it bypass?
F1,6 BPase PFK-1
41
3 subunits of G6Pase
- Catalytic unit - G6P/Pi antiporter - GLUT7
42
GLUT5 is responsible for the uptake of which monosaccharide
Fructose
43
Polyol Pathway
GLucose —> Sorbitol via aldose reductase Sorbitol —> fructose via sorbitol DH
44
4 phases of Purine synthesis
1. Ribose 5-P activation 2. PRPP to PRA 3. Construct the IMP ring 4. Conversion of IMP to (d)ATP and (d)GTP
45
5 sources of ring atoms for purine bases
``` CO2 Gly Gln Asp N10-formyl THF ```
46
5 sources of ring atoms for pyrimidine synthesis
``` HCO3- Gln Asp N5 N10- methylene THF ```
47
Formation of carbamoyl phosphate is the committed step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis TRUE/FALSE
False, the formation of carbamoyl aspartate is the committed step
48
What enzyme does 5-fluorouracil inhibit
Thymidylate synthase
49
Treatment of orotic aciduria
Oral uridine
50
Which enzyme in the degradation of nucleotides converts short oligomers to NMPs/dNMPs
Phosphodiesterases
51
Overproduction of ADA leads to what condition
Hemolytic anemia
52
Underproduction of ADA leads to what condition
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
53
What is the name of the crystals formed in Gout
Monosodium Urate Crystals (MSU)
54
Leach Nyhan and Kelley Seegmiller syndrome are both deficiencies of which enzyme?
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)
55
Deficiency in what two enzymes will lead to galactosemia
GALT | Galactokinase
56
NADPH is produced during PPP in two steps involving which two enzymes
G6PD | 6-Phosphogluconate DH
57
How does glucagon effect glycogenesis/glycogenolysis
Effects liver only, no effect on muscle Inhibition of glycogenesis Stimulation of glycogenolysis
58
Effect of AMP on Glycogen phosphorylase
Stimulation of GP in MUSCLE ONLY
59
What enzyme cleaves trypsinogen
Enterokinase
60
OAA is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s
``` Asp Asn Met Thr Ile Lys ```
61
Pyruvate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s
Ala Val Leu
62
a-ketoglutarate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s
Glu Gln Pro Arg
63
3-Phosphoglycerate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s
Ser Cys Gly

MCM Midterm (6 decks)

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