Random Medicine Cards

Question 1

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 1

1. Hypoxia 2. Hypovolaemia 3. Hypo-/Hyperkalaemia/ Metabolic 4. Hypothermia 5. Thrombosis- coronary or pulmonary 6. Tamponade- Cardiac 7. Toxins 8. Tension Pneumothorax

Question 2

Causes of Right Axis Deviation

Answer 2

1. Normal in Children and Tall Thin Adults. 2. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy 3. Anterolateral MI 4. Left Posterior Hemiblock 5. Pulmonary Embolus 6. Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome: left sided accessory pathway 7. Atrial Septal Defect (Secundum)

Question 3

Causes of Left Axis Deviation

Answer 3

1. Left Anterior Hemiblock 2. Inferior MI 3. Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) Syndrome: right sided accessory pathway 4. ASD (primum) 5. Injection of contrast into left coronary artery

Question 4

Pattern of Inheritence of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Answer 4

Autosomal Dominant

Question 5

VIVA: Peutz- Jeghers Syndrome

Answer 5

• Autosomal Dominant
• POSITIVE FAMILY HISTORY
• Peri-oral (and mucosal) pigmentation
• Hamartomatous polyps within the GI tract

Presentation

• Positive FHx
• Deeply pigmented lesions on lips and buccal mucosa
• Abdo Pain (Obstruction or intussception)
• Iron Deficiency anaemia
• Rectal Prolapse
• Precocious puberty

Ix

• Iron Studies
• Faecal Occult Blood (may reveal GI bleeding
• Endoscopy
• Genetic Analysis

Management

• Genetic Councelling
• Surgical excision of Polyps
• Flexi-sig from 18yo every 3 years and upper GI every 3 years from 25

Complications

1. High risk of colorectal, pancreatic, gastro-oesophageal and small bowel cancers: Risk increases with age.
2. GI bleeding
3. Intussusception
4. Rectal Prolapse

Question 6

Causes Acute Pericarditis

Answer 6

1. Idiopathic
2. Infective
   
   1. Viral: Coxsackie B, Echovirus, Mumps Virus, Flu, HIV
   2. Bacterial: Streptococci, staphyloccocci, TB
   3. Fungi
3. Connective Tissue Disease: Sarcoid, SLE, Scleroderma
4. Post Myocardial Infarction (24-72hrs) in 20% pts.
5. Dresslers Syndrome (Weeks-months after acute MI)
6. Radiotherapy
7. Drugs: Penicillin, isoniazid, hydralazine

Question 7

Epidemiology of pericarditis