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Random memory facts Flashcards

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1
Q

Collagen Types/Derivatives

A

Be (So Totally) Cool, Read Books

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2
Q

Metronidazole

A

Mnemonic: GET GAP

Indications: Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. diff), H. Pylori

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3
Q

Macrolide drugs and toxicity

A

Mnemonic: MR. ACE

Associations: Motility issues (motilin receptors), Rash (Rhabdo w/ lovastatin), Arrhythmia (QT prolongation), Cholestatic hepatitis, Eosinophilia

Drugs: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

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4
Q

Benzodiazepines without liver metabolism or active intermediates

A

Mnemonic: LOT

Drugs: Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam

Indications: Alcohol withdrawal in Pt with liver damage

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5
Q

High-potency Traditional Antipsychotics

A

Mnemonic: An angel with a Halo will Tri to Fly high

Drugs: Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine

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6
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

Mnemonic: MOST BAD

Indications: Mania, OCD, Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms), Tourette’s disorder, Bipolar disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Depression

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7
Q

CYP-450 Inducers

A

Mnemonic: Chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs.

Drugs: Chronic alcohol, St. John’s wort, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine

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8
Q

Antiarrhythmic Drug Classes

A

Mnemonic: Some Block Potassium Channels

Drugs: Na+ channel blockers, ß-blockers, K+ channel blockers, Ca++ channel blockers

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9
Q

Class 1A Antiarrhythmics

A

Mnemonic: Double Quarter Pounder

Drugs: Disopyramide, Quinidine, Procainamide

Effects: Decrease the slope of phase 0 depolarization

Mechanism: Blocks inactive/ready Na+ channels (also K+ channels)

Indications: AFib, VTach, re-entrant tachycardia

Effects:

Increases action potential duration, effective refractory period, and QT prolongation

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10
Q

Class 1B Antiarrhythmics

A

Mnemonic: Lettuce, Tomato, Mayo, Pickles

Drugs: Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine, Phenytoin

Indications: VTach and prevention of VFib after cardioversion

Effects: Decreases action potential duration and effective refractory period and selectively depress tissue that is frequently depolarized (state-dependent)

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11
Q

Class 1C Antiarrhythmics

A

Mnemonic: More Fries Please

Drugs: Moricizine, Flecainide, Propafenone

Indications: Suppressing SVTs (inc. AFib) and as a last resort in refractory VTach

Effects: Prolongs the effective refractory period in AV node and accessory bypass tracts, no effect on ERP in Purkinje and ventricular tissue, minimal effect on action potential duration

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12
Q

Selective ß1 Blockers

A

Mnemonic: A to M

Drugs: Acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol

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13
Q

Non-selective ß Blockers

A

Mnemonic: N to Z

Drugs: Nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, timolol

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14
Q

Class 3 Antiarrhythmics

A

Mnemonic: Use your Class 3 “AS ID”

Drugs: Amiodarone, Sotalol, Ibutilide, Dofetilide

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15
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Mnemonic: Saints Sell Drugs That Make Me Trip On the Tram Line

Drugs: St John’s Wort, SSRIs/SNRIs, Dextromethorphan, TCAs, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, -triptans (anti-migraine), Ondansetron, Tramadol, Linezolid

Mnemonic: HARMED

Symptoms: Hyperthermia, Autonomic instability, Red (rash, flushing), Myoclonus, Encephalopathy, Diarrhea

Antidote: Cyproheptadine

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16
Q

HLA-DR2 Associations

A

Mnemonic: “Hey, doctor doctor ; )” “Hey, Ms. Smells Good”

Associations: Hay fever, MS, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome

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17
Q

HLA-B27 Associations

A

Mnemonic: PAIR

Associations:

Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiter syndrome (now referred to as Reactive arthritis)

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18
Q

HLA-DR3 Associations

A

Mnemonic: “What did you go to the doctor for?” - “To check my DTRs”

Associations: DM Type I, Temporal (giant cell) arteritis, Rheumatoid arthritis

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19
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis HLA Associations

A

Mnemonic: Dr. Hashimoto has 5 PAs that help him study 3GSD.

Associations: HLA-DR5, HLA-DR3

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20
Q

HLA-DR5

A

Mnemonic: Dr. Hashimoto has 5 PAs.

Associations: Hashimoto thyroiditis, Pernicious anemia

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21
Q

Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Mnemonic: Addison’s Granny Made Her Infamous Water-Fried Donuts

Associations:

Atrophy or autoimmune destruction (most common), Granulomatous infection (e.g., tuberculosis), Metastasis (most commonly lung cancer), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), Infarction, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, DIC

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22
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Mnemonic: 6 P’s

Associations: Poor brain development, Pot-bellied, Pale, Puffy-faced, Protruding umbilicus, Protuberant tongue

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23
Q

Parkinson disease treatment

A

Mnemonic: A BLAST

Drugs: Amantadine, Bromocriptine, Levodopa, Antimuscarinics, Selegiline, Tolcapone

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24
Q

Phenytoin Side Effects

A

Mnemonic: PHENYTOIN-LACSDrugs:

Associations: P-450 induction, Hirsutism, Enlarged gums (gingival hyperplasia), Nystagmus, Yellow-browning of skin, Teratogenicity, Osteomalacia (decreased vitamin D), Interference w/ folic acid absorption (megaloblastic anemia), Neuropathy (vertigo, ataxia, headache), Lupus-like syndrome, Aplastic anemia, CNS depression, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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25
MEN-2 (Sipple syndrome) manifestations
Mnemonic: MPH Associations: Medullary thyroid carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma (often bilateral), Hyperplasia of parathyroid
26
MEN-1 (Wermer syndrome) manifestations
Mnemonic: "3 Ps" or “Para-Pan-Pit” Associations: Parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism, etc), Pancreas (gastrinoma, insulinoma), Pituitary (prolactinoma, acromegaly, etc)
27
Drugs that cause aplastic anemia
Mnemonic: Can't Make New Blood Cells Properly Drugs: Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil
28
Drugs that cause agranulocytosis
Mnemonic: Can Certainly Cause Pretty Major Damage Too Drugs: Carbamazepine, Clozapine, Colchicine, Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Dapsone, Ticlopidine
29
Drugs that cause anticholinergic syndrome
Mnemonic: All These Quirks Are Muscarinic Antagonists Drugs: Antipsychotics, TCAs, Quinidine, Amantadine, Meperidine, Antihistamines​
30
Drugs that cause gynecomastia
Mnemonic: Some Drugs Create Really Awesome Knockers Drugs: Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Risperidone, Alcohol, Ketoconazole
31
Drugs that cause interstitial nephritis
Mnemonic: Please Note All 3 S's Can Pump Renals Drugs: Penicillin derivatives, NSAIDs, Allopurinol, Sulfa derived diuretics, Sulfa antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Cephalosporins, Proton pump inhibitors, Rifampin
32
Drugs that cause SLE-like syndrome
Mnemonic: Having lupus is SHIPP-E Drugs: Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
33
Drugs that cause crystal-induced kidney injury
Mnemonic: SOMATIC Drugs: Sulfasalazine, Orlistat, Methotrexate, Acyclovir, Triamterene, Indinavir (and other protease inhibitors), Ciprofloxacin
34
Drugs that cause hepatitis
Mnemonic: RIPS FAs Drugs: Rifampin, Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide, Statins, Fibrates, Anesthetics (inhaled), Acetaminophen, Alcohol
35
Limited scleroderma symptoms
Mnemonic: C-CREST Symptoms: Calcinosis cutis, Centromere auto-antibody, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia
36
K+ sparing diuretic drugs and site of action
Mnemonic: TASE Principle cells Drugs: Triamterene, Amiloride, Spironolactone, Eplerenone Mechanism: Inhibit K+ excretion at principle cells
37
Cardiac glycoside toxicity antidote
Mnemonic: LAMPP Drugs: Lidocaine, Anti-Fab, Magnesium (normalize), Potassium, Phenytoin Indications:
38
Inhibitors of CYP-450
Mnemonic: AAA RACKS In eVery GQ Magazine Drugs: Acute alcohol abuse, Ritonavir, Amiodarone, Cimetidine/ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole, Sulfonamides/SSRIs, Isoniazid, Valproic acid, Grapefruit juice, Quinidine, Macrolides (but NOT azithromycin)
39
Common CYP-450 substrates
Mnemonic: Another Winter? Thanks, Obama! Drugs: Chronic HBV & HCV infections, ​Hairy cell leukemia, HHV-8 - Kaposi sarcoma, condyloma Acuminatum (HPV 6 and 11), Renal cell carcinoma, Malignant melanoma
40
Indications for IFN-α
Mnemonic: CHHARM Indications: Chronic HBV & HCV infections, ​Hairy cell leukemia, HHV-8 - Kaposi sarcoma, condyloma Acuminatum (HPV 6 and 11), Renal cell carcinoma, Malignant melanoma Indications:
41
X-Linked recessive disorders
Mnemonic: Be Wise, Fools’ GOLD Heeds A Really Silly Orange Hope Associations: Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich, Fabry disease, G6PD deficiency, Ocular albinism, Lesch-Nyhan, Duchenne (and Becker) MD, Hunter syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Red/green color blindness, SCID (IL2 receptor type), Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, Hemophilia A/B
42
Glycogen storage disease types
Mnemonic: Von Gierke Put Coors And McDonalds in Her Taurus. Associations: Type 1: Von Gierke, Type 2: Pompe, Type 3: Cori, Type 4: Andersen, Type 5: McArdle, Type 6: Hers, Type 7: Tarui
43
ACE inhibitor toxicities
Mnemonic: Von Gierke Put Coors And McDonalds in Her Taurus. Associations: Type 1: Von Gierke, Type 2: Pompe, Type 3: Cori, Type 4: Andersen, Type 5: McArdle, Type 6: Hers, Type 7: Tarui
44
Pathogenic bacteria resulting from lysogenic conversion
Mnemonic: "to be LOVED Can Bring Sequelae" (ie pregnancy) Associations: Labile toxin of ETEC, O antigen of Salmonella, Verotoxin of EHEC, Erythrogenic exotoxins of S. pyogenes, Diptheria toxin, Cholera toxin, Botulinum toxin, Shiga toxin
45
Bacteria that require cysteine in growth media
Mnemonic: "4 sisters ELLA worship in the Cysteine chapel, but not if bored as hella" Species: Francisella, Brucella, Legionella, Pasteurella, (but not Bordetella)
46
Obligate anaerobes (lack superoxide dismutase, usually lack catalase, grown on thioglycolate)
Mnemonic: Frankly Can't Breathe Air Species: Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
47
Obligate aerobes (usually have superoxide dismutase)
Mnemonic: My Nasal Passages Can Breathe oxygen Species: Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Bacillus
48
Thayer-Martin agar
Mnemonic: Very Typically Cultures Neisseria Components: Vancomycin (inhibits gram-positive organisms), Trimethoprim, Colistin (inhibits other gram-negative organisms), and Nystatin (inhibits fungi) Species: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis
49
Encapsulated bacteria
Mnemonic: SHiNE SKiPS Species: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, group B Strep
50
Catalase-positive organisms
Mnemonic: Cats Need PLACESS to hide Species: Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staphylococci, Serratia
51
Urease-positive organisms
Mnemonic: CHuck norris hates PUNKS Species: Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, Staph epidermidis/saprophyticus
52
Bacteria that secrete an IgA protease virulence factor
Mnemonic: SHiN Species: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, Neisseria
53
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) toxins
Mnemonic: labile in the Air (Adenylate cyclase), stable on the Ground (Guanylate cyclase) Toxins: Heat-labile toxin (LT) (Overactivates adenylate cyclase (↑ cAMP) Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux) Heat-stable toxin (ST) (Overactivates guanylate cyclase (↑ cGMP), inhibits reabsorption of NaCl and H2O in gut)
54
Effects of endotoxin
Mnemonic: ENDOTOXIN Associations: Edema, Nitric oxide, DIC/Death, Outer membrane, TNF-α, O-antigen, eXtremely heat stable, IL-1, Neutrophil chemotaxis
55
Staphylococci lab sensitivity
Mnemonic: On the office’s “staph” retreat, there was NO StRESs Components: NOvobiocin—Saprophyticus is Resistant; Epidermidis is Sensitive
56
Streptococci lab sensitivity
Mnemonic: OVRPS (overpass) and B-BRAS Components: Optochin—Viridans is Resistant; Pneumoniae is Sensitive. Components: Bacitracin—group B strep are Resistant; group A strep are Sensitive.
57
Non-lactose fermenting bacteria (Oxidase (-), facultative anaerobic, Gram negative rods)
Mnemonic: ShY/PS ("ships") Species: Shigella, Yersinia, Proteus, Salmonella
58
Lactose fermenting bacteria (Oxidase (-), facultative anaerobic, Gram negative rods)
Mnemonic: Pinkees on MacConKEE'S Species: Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia
59
Urease producing organisms (↑pH, renal stones)
Mnemonic: PUNCH Species: Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, Helicobacter
60
Neoplasms that metastasize hematogenously
Mnemonic: Heme Spreading Cancers Flow Red Associations: Hepatoma, Sarcoma, Choriocarcinoma, Follicular thyroid carcinoma, Renal cell carcinoma
61
High anion gap metabolic acidosis
Mnemonic: MUDPILES Associations: Methanol, Uremia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Propylene glycol/Paraldehyde, Isoniazid/Iron, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, Salicylates (aspirin) Equation: Sodium - (Chloride + Bicarb) = (10-14 normal)
62
Structures that arise from neural crest cells
Mnemonic: MOTEL PASS Associations: Melanocytes, Odontoblasts, Tracheal cartilage, Enterochromaffin cells, Laryngeal cartilage, Parafollicular thyroid cells, Adrenal (and All ganglia), Schwann cells, Spiral membrane
63
Presentation of McCune-Albright syndrome
Mnemonic: 4 P'S Associations: Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, Pigmented skin lesions, Precocious Puberty (or other endocrinopathies) Defect: Spontaneous, somatic, gain-of-function GNAS (Ch 20) mutation
64
Cytokines responsible for isotype switching to IgA or IgE
Mnemonic: 5 Always and 4 Ever Associations: IL-5 and IL-4
65
Hormones of the anterior pituitary
Mnemonic: My FLAT PiG Associations: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH), Prolactin, Growth hormone (GH)
66
VACTERL association
Associations: Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, Limb abnormalities
67
Manifestations of loss of WT1 tumor suppressor gene
Mnemonic: WAGR Associations: Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary anomalies, Retardation
68
Cancers that commonly met to bone
Mnemonic: Lead Kettle (PB-KTL) Associations: Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, and lung cancers.
69
Common dehydrogenase enzyme cofactors (BCKDC, PDH, αKGDH)
Mnemonic: Tender Loving Care For Nancy Components: Thiamine, Lipoate, Coenzyme A, FAD, NAD
70
Thiazide diuretic serum effects
Mnemonic: GLUC Effects: Increased glucose, lipids, uric acid, Ca (decreased K, Na, H)
71
Risk factors for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in US adults)
Mnemonic: MOSAIC Associations: Minorities (African American, Hispanic), Obesity, Sickle cell disease, AIDS (HIV), IV drug use, Chronic kidney disease
72
Manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Mnemonic: SOAP BRAIN MD Associations: Serositis, Oral ulcers, Arthritis, Photosensitivity, Blood disorders (pancytopenia), Renal involvement (nephrotic/nephritic), ANA +, IMG (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith), Neuropsychiatric, Malar rash, Discoid rash
73
Indications for hemodialysis
Mnemonic: AEIOU Associations: Acidosis (metabolic), Electrolytes (severe hyperkalemia), Intoxication (lithium, ASA, methanol, ethylene glycol), Overload (CHF), Uremic pericarditis
74
Drugs that can cause G6PD hemolysis
Mnemonic: IS D PAIN Drugs: Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
75
Diabetes management
Mnemonic: ABCDEF Components: A1C \< 7% + aspirin, BP \< 140/90, Cholesterol LDL \< 100, Diet, Eye exam yearly, Feet exam every visit
76
Most common causes of postoperative fever
Mnemonic: 5 W's Components: Pneumonia (wind), UTI (water), DVT (walk), wound infection, drugs (wonder drugs)
77
Causes of accels/decels on fetal nonstress test
Mnemonic: 5 W's Components: Pneumonia (wind), UTI (water), DVT (walk), wound infection, drugs (wonder drugs)
78
Reversible causes of urinary incontinence
Mnemonic: 5 W's Components: Pneumonia (wind), UTI (water), DVT (walk), wound infection, drugs (wonder drugs)
79
Facultative intracellular organisms
LISten SALly YER FRiend BRUCE Must Leave NOw Listeria Salmonella Yersinia Francisella Brucella Legionella Mycobacterium Nocardia
80

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