Random Ortho stuff

Question 1

Describing Lumps and Bumps

Answer 1

1. Site
2. Size
3. Overlying skin change
4. Borders of the lump
5. Consistency
6. Attachment to skin or muscle
7. Transilluminates?
8. Slip sign

Question 2

Describing Wounds

Answer 2

1. Site
2. Size
3. Edges
4. Roof/base of the wound
5. Surrounding skin changes

Question 3

Describing X-Rays

Answer 3

1. View + Location
2. Patient details(name,age,gender)
3. Skeletally mature or not
4. A for adequacy eg if all necessary vertebrae are visible
   A for alignment
5. B for bone
6. C for cartilage
7. S for soft tissue

Question 4

What to look out for on bone scans

Answer 4

Dark spots: Hot areas which denotes increased blood flow,usually a pathology

Question 5

Risk factors for Avascular Necrosis

Answer 5

1. Steroid use
2. alcohol consumption
3. Bisphosphonate use
4. Smoking
5. Thrombophilia?
6. Sickle cell anemia
7. Deep sea diving

Question 6

Bisphosphonate use and moa+ ADR

Answer 6

To reduce risk of fragility fractures due to osteoporosis. bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. This causes old bone to be preserved that may be poorly perfused and result in osteonecrosis

Question 7

What are osteopenia and osteoporosis

Answer 7

They are a continuum(osteoporosis is more severe) of decreased bone mass/density and disrupted bone microarchitecture

Question 8

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 8

1. Increased age
2. Menopause
3. Metabolic abnormalities
4. DM type 1

Question 9

What is a Fragility fracture

Answer 9

A fracture resulting from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily cause a fracture(low energy trauma)

Question 10

Definition of oligoarthritis

Answer 10

Joint involvement of 2-4

Question 11

Classification for spondolisthesis

Answer 11

Meyerding

Question 12

Classification for ankle fx

Answer 12

Weber

Question 13

Classification for ankle fractures

Answer 13

Webers

Question 14

Classification of hip fractures

Answer 14

Gardens

Question 15

Rules of 2 for ortho radiology

Answer 15

2 views
2 other joints
2 limbs
2 points of time

Question 16

Haemarthrosis or fat-blood level in a case of trauma is a secondary sign of?

Answer 16

Intra articular fx

Question 17

6 Ps of compartment syndrome

Answer 17

Pain
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Poikilothermia
Pallor

Question 18

Indication for CT scan

Answer 18

Fracture that extends intraarticularly: for pre op planning

Question 19

Lighthouse/landmark in elbow XR

Answer 19

Radial head

Question 20

Lighthouse/landmark of wrist XR

Answer 20

Radial styloid

Question 21

Lighthouse/landmark of shoulder

Answer 21

Coracoid

Question 22

Lighthouse/landmark of knee XR

Answer 22

Fibula

Question 23

Landmark/lighthouse of lumbar spine

Answer 23

T12 attaches to last rib

Question 24

Approach to fracture XR

Answer 24

1. Which bone
2. Complete or not
3. Communited or not
4. Displaced or not
5. Angulated or not
6. Type eg spiral, oblique

Question 25

Triad of diabetic foot

Answer 25

Vasculopathy Neuropathy Immunopathy

Question 26

Classification for diabetic foot

Answer 26

Wagners

Question 27

Indications for joint aspiration

Answer 27

Diagnostic and therapeutic Usually tro Septic Arthritis

Question 28

Classifications of Charcot foot

Answer 28

Eichenholtz and Brodsky

Question 29

How pseudogout is diagnosed

Answer 29

Arthrocentesis showing rhomboid shaped positively birefringent crystals

Question 30

What to suspect with pain on passive flexion of foot

Answer 30

Compartment syndrome

Question 31

Sensitive screening blood test for Multiple Myeloma

Answer 31

ESR

Question 32

Most sensitive tests for calf compartment syndrome

Answer 32

Passive flexion of big toe( Most sensitive) Passive dorsiflexion of foot

Question 33

Compartment most commonly affected in the calf by compartment syndrome

Answer 33

Out of the 4 compartments: Anterior

Question 34

Mx of distal radius fx if not open/communited/intraarticular

Question 35

4 types of pathological gaits

Answer 35

1. Broad based 2. Trendelenburg 3. High stepping 4. Antalgic

Question 36

Causes of intoeing gait

Answer 36

1. Metatarsus adductus 2. Tibial torsion 3. Femoral anterversion