random Q&A Flashcards
(29 cards)
most common initial presentation of rheumatic fever
polyarthritis
most specific presentation of rheumatic fever
seydenham chorea
reversibilit in asthma is demonstrated by
> 12% and 200mL increase in FEV1: 15min after an inhaled short acting b2-agonsit or;
after a 2 to 4week trial of oral corticosteroids (prednisone or prednisolone 30-40mg daily)
putative mediators of asthma
SRS-A made up of leukotrienes C4, D4, E4
most common side effect of theophylline
nausea, vomiting and headaches
need for regular controller therapy
use of reliever medication >3x a week
most common reason for non control of asthma
noncompliance with medication, usually ICS
drugs that are safe for asthma in pregnancy
short acting B2- agonist
ICS
theophylline
ratio if granular layer thickness VS thickness of the wall between the epithelium and the cartilage of the trachea and bronchi
Reid’s index (>0.4 in Chronic Bronchitis)
most highly significant predictor of FEV1 (COPD)
pack years of cigarette smoking
most typical finding in COPD
persistent reduction in forced expiratory flow rates
type of emphysema most commonly associated with smoking
- centriacinar emphysema
- characerized by enlarged spaces found (initially) in association with respiratory bronchioles
- prominent in upper lobes and superior segments of lower lobes and often focal
type of emphysema usually in pts with a1-AT deficiency
- panacinar emphysema
- char. by abnormally large air spaces evenly distributed within and across acinar units
- predilictions for lower lobes and involves the entire respiratory unit (resp bronchiole, alveolar duct and alveoli)
newly develop clubbing of digits (NOT A SIGN OF COPD)
should alert an investigation
lung CA
most common pathogenesis of pneumonia
aspiration
main purpose of gram stain
ensure suitability sample for culture
LIGHT’S CRITERIA
for diagnosis of exudate
- one or more of the ff:
- pleural fluid/serum protein ratio >0.5
- pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH ratio >0.6
- pleural fluid LDH>2/3 the upper limit of the normal for serum LDH
indications for CT insertion:
-gross pus on thoracentesis
presence of organisms on G/S on pleural fluid
pleural fluid glucose <60mg/dl
pleural fluid pH below 7.2 in a setting of pneumonia
to be adequate for culture, a sputum sample must have
> 25neutrophil and
<10 squamous cells per lpf
leading cause of transudate pleural effusion
LV failure, cirrhosis
leading cause of exudative pleural effusion
bacterial pneumonia, malignancy, viral infection, pulmonary embolism
most common cause of chylous pleural effusion
malignancy
3 tumors that cause ~75% of all malignant pleural effusion
lung CA
breast CA
lymphoma
classic signs of PE
tachycardia, low grade fever, neck vein distention
