Random questions

Question 1

3 components of accomodation reflex

Answer 1

1. convergence, 2. pupillary constriction and 3. thickening of lens

Question 2

1. Projections from primary visual cortex to superior colliculus 2. function

Answer 2

1. visual body reflex 2. automatic movement of head and neck while reading, automatic movement of head, neck and eyes toward source of visual stimulus, protective closure of eyelids

Question 3

On which histological layer will you find rods and cones?

Answer 3

Outer nuclear

Question 4

On which histological layer will you find horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells?

Answer 4

Inner nuclear

Question 5

On which layer will you find ganglion cells?

Answer 5

Ganglion cell layer

Question 6

Taste pathway: ant. 2/3 of tongue

Answer 6

facial nerve > geniculate ganglion > tractus solitarius > fibers to contralateral VPM of thalamus and hypothalamus > postcentral gyrus

Question 7

Taste pathway: oropharynx

Answer 7

vagus nerve > tractus solitarius > fibers to contralateral VPM of thalamus and hypothalamus > postcentral gyrus

Question 8

Taste pathway: post. 1/3 of tongue

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal nerve > inferior petrosal ganglion > tractus solitarius > fibers to contralateral VPM of thalamus and hypothalamus > postcentral gyrus

Question 9

Vertibular end organs sensitive to angular accelaration

Answer 9

3 semicircular canals in each ear

Question 10

Vestbular end organs sensitive to linear acceleration

Answer 10

2 otholitic organs in each ear (saccule and utricle)

Question 11

Differentiate type 1 from type 2 vestibular hair cells

Answer 11

type 1 - flask shaped with calyx-shaped afferent ending, type 2 - cylindrical with afferent ending with multiple boutons

Question 12

How many kinocilium are there per hair cell?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

How many stereocilia are there per hair cell?

Answer 13

50-100

Question 14

Reflex that detects head motion and position relative to gravity, stimulates antigravity muscles in neck and torso to maintain balance, posture and gait

Answer 14

vestibulo-spinal reflex

Question 15

Event when vestibulo-spinal reflex is deactivtaed?

Answer 15

sleeping

Question 16

Event when vestibulo-spinal reflex is activated?

Answer 16

swimming, to keep neck up in order to breath

Question 17

fast movement of eye ‘jerking’

Answer 17

saccade

Question 18

used to check for nystagmus

Answer 18

caloric testing

Question 19

acronym for caloric testing

Answer 19

COWS - cold opposite, warm same

Question 20

If you fire the left vestibular apparatus, the eyes get driven to which direction?

Answer 20

Right

Question 21

Putting warm water on the left side will cause an increase in the reflex of CN VIII on which side?

Answer 21

Right

Question 22

The auditory pathway

Answer 22

1. hair cells, 2. cochlear nuclei, 3. superior olivary complex, 4. inferior colliculus, 5. medial geniculate nucleus, 6. primary auditory cortex

Question 23

Brodmann’s areas 44 and 45

Answer 23

Broca’s area

Question 24

Brodmann’s areas 41 and 42

Answer 24

Primary auditory cortex

Question 25

Brodmann's area 22

Answer 25

Secondary auditory cortex (includes Wernicke's area)

Question 26

Functions of secondary auditory cortex (includes Wernicke's area)

Answer 26

Association with other sensory input, interpretation of sounds

Question 27

Functions of primary auditory cortex

Answer 27

For recognizing when sound starts, stops, and changes pitch

Question 28

The gyrus of Herschl is associated with what structure?

Answer 28

primary auditory cortex

Question 29

Differentiate Brodmann's areas 41 and 42

Answer 29

41 is a granular (granular layers only) cortex while 42 is a homotypical (all 6 layers can be seen) cortex (functions for auditory association)