Random questions

Question 1

Cat Eosinophil

Answer 1

Pink granules that are more rod shaped

Question 2

Acanthocytes caused by

Answer 2

HEMANGIOSARCOMA

liver failure

Question 3

Codocytes

Answer 3

Target cells
Increased surface to volume ratio
Liver disease- cholesterol loading
hypothyroidism

Question 4

Eccentrocytes

Answer 4

Oxidative stress
Usually seen with heinz bodies
FRAGMENTARY CHANGE
Onions, red maple

Question 5

Echinocytes

Answer 5

Artifact

snake venom

Question 6

Hypochromasia

Answer 6

Low MCHC
larger central pallor
Iron deficiency OR regeneration

Question 7

Schistocytes

Answer 7

Mechanical injury 
DIC 
glomerular disease
vasculitis 
Portosystemic shunt 
Hemangiosarcoma

Question 8

Keratocytes

Answer 8

Ruptured/fragmented membrane 
DIC 
Vasculitis 
Hemangiosarcoma 
Decreased Iron

Question 9

Stomatocytes

Answer 9

artifact
liver disease
lead poisoning

Question 10

Signs of regeneration in RBCs

Answer 10

anisocytosis
basophilic stippling
increased reticulocytes
howell jolly bodies

Question 11

Hyperchromasia

Answer 11

artifact

hemolysis messing with machine

Question 12

Aggregate reticulocytes

Answer 12

12-24 hours

will be the clumpier cells on the new methylene blue

Question 13

Punctate reticulocytes

Answer 13

mature and remodel as they circulate in the blood stream
10-14 days
will be little dots on new methylene blue

Question 14

relative erythrocytosis

Answer 14

dehydration and hemoconcentration

Question 15

Primary absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 15

Polycythemia vera

Chronic erythroid leukemia

Question 16

Secondary absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 16

Appropriate= Hypoxia, R to L shunts, elevated altitude 
Inappropriate= renal cysts/ tumors, increased T4

Question 17

Basophilic stippling

Answer 17

Severe regenerative response
Lead poisoning
Zinc poisoning

Question 18

Heinz bodies

Answer 18

oxidative stress

Tylenol, red maple, onions, DKA, lymphoma

Question 19

Corticosteroid leukogram

Answer 19

leukocytosis
mature neutrophila
lymphopenia

Question 20

Epinephrine leukogram

Answer 20

leukocytosis 
mature neutrophilia 
lymphocytosis 
elevated platelets 
elevated glucose

Question 21

Leukomoid

Answer 21

WBC over 75,000
Pus bags- pyometra, pyelonephritits 
prostatitis 
neoplasia
hepatozoon

Question 22

Degenerative left shift

Answer 22

increased bands with decreased segs

Question 23

regenerative left shift

Answer 23

increased bands with increased segs

Question 24

Liver cell injury

Answer 24

ALT - “Liver tissue trauma”

AST- “sells= cells”

Question 25

Cholestasis

Answer 25

ALP GGT bilirubin cholesterol

Question 26

Bile pigment in cytology with neutrophils

Answer 26

cholangitis

Question 27

Types of monocytes

Answer 27

Activated Epitheliod Giant multinucleated

Question 28

Types of inflammation in cytology

Answer 28

``` Eosinophilic Suppurtive Granulomatous Lymphoplasmacytic Pyogranulomatous Macrophagic ```

Question 29

Pyogranulomatous inflammation in cytology

Answer 29

mix of macrophages and neutrophils can have lymphs and plasma cells caused by: fungus, bacteria (blasto), mycobacterial, chronic chylous effusions

Question 30

Suppurative inflammation

Answer 30

greater than 85% neuts

Question 31

Degenerate and non degenerate Neutrophils live in what samples

Answer 31

CYTOLOGY/TISSUES

Question 32

Non degenerate neutrophils

Answer 32

``` normal pyknosis and karyorrhexis in a non toxic environment immune mediated conditions neoplastic lesions sterile environments (urine or bile) ```

Question 33

Degenerate neutrophils

Answer 33

Nuclear swelling decreased staining -- karyolysis toxic environment Sepsis, nocardia, tissue necrosis, bile

Question 34

Normal LN

Answer 34

small lymphs 90% nuclei= RBC = 7 microns dense chromatin with little blue cytoplasm

Question 35

Plasma cells

Answer 35

eccentric nucleus blue cytoplasm clumped chromatin and golgi bodies cause they making shit

Question 36

Hyperplastic/ Reactive LN

Answer 36

Small medium 30% more plasma cells

Question 37

Inflamed/ Lymphadenitis

Answer 37

lots of inflammatory cells | more than 5% neuts or 3% eos

Question 38

Neoplastic

Answer 38

Immature lymphs take over population

Question 39

Criteria of malignancy

Answer 39

``` bizarre mitotic figures multiple nuclei multiple nucleoli weird shaped nuceli weird shaped nucleoli high N:C ration Coarse/ clumped chromatin Nuclear molding ```

Question 40

Hemosiderin and hematoidin

Answer 40

signs of chronic hemorrhage | occurs within days

Question 41

Erythrophagia

Answer 41

sign of active/ acute hemorrhage | occurs within hours

Question 42

Types of effusions

Answer 42

bile, urine, chyle, water, blood, pus, cancer

Question 43

Ammonium biurate crystals

Answer 43

severe liver disease protosystemic shunt dalmations can be normal

Question 44

Amorphous crystals

Answer 44

hepatic insufficiency

Question 45

Bilirubin crystals

Answer 45

liver disease | extravascular hemolysis

Question 46

Calcium Carbonate

Answer 46

CCCC "calcium carbonate circle crystals" normal in horses and rabbits

Question 47

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

Answer 47

ethylene glycol AKI envelopes CODE (aka make you code) calcium oxalate dihydrate Envelopes ethelyne

Question 48

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

Answer 48

Picket fences | ethylene glycol - more specific

Question 49

struvite

Answer 49

alkaline urine infections urolithiasis

Question 50

Pros of cytology

Answer 50

easy cheap speed effusions

Question 51

Pros of histology

Answer 51

architecture special stains better for non exfoliating tissues higher volume of sample

Question 52

Signs of cholestasis

Answer 52

delta and conjugated GGT ALP