Random questions Flashcards
(25 cards)
The following are more common in men, except. A. Hirschprung's disease B. Pyloric stenosis C. Meckel Diverticulum D. Esophageal mucosal webs
D.
Mutation in this gene is associated with familial cases and 15% of sporadic cases of Hirschprung’s disease.
RET
Which of the following immunohistochemical stains and special stains result confirms an aganglionic segment in Hirschprung’s disease?
A. Positive calretinin, positive acetylcholinesterase
B. Negative calretinin, negative acetylcholinesterase
C. Positive calretinin, negative acetylcholinesterase
D. Negative calretinin, positive acetylcholinesterase
D.
Remarks: Calret is negative and Ach is positive = confirms that there are no ganglion cells.
What is the most common site of GIT lymphoma?
Stomach
What is the most common site of GIT carcinoid tumor?
Small intestine (ileum and jejunum) Remarks: generally the second most common site of carcinoid tumor is the lungs and tracheobronchial tree.
What are the two risk factors in developing fundic gland polyp?
FAP and PPI’s
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children under age 2?
Intussusception
What is the syndrome that is associated with achalasia, alacrima and adrenal insufficiency?
Allgrove (triple A) syndrome
What is the triad of achalasia?
Incomplete relaxation of LES
Increased tone of LES
Aperistalsis
“IRITA”
What is the characteristic of the esophageal ulcer in Herpes virus infection?
Punched out ulcer
Remarks: CMV has shallow ulcers.
What are the histologic features of reflux esophagitis?
Eosinophils in the squamous mucosa
Neutrophils- in more severe cases
Basal zone hyperplasia of more than 20%
Abnormal squamous maturation
What is the definition of short segment and long segment Barrett esophagus?
Short segment - less than 3 cm
Long segment - more than or equal to 3cm
The following are true of esophageal squamous cell, except.
A. It is associated with amplification of SOX2
B. Risk factors include drinking of hot beverages and poverty
C. It is nearly eight-fold more common in Caucasians
D. It is more common in males, usually at ages older than 45
C.
Remarks: It is more common in African Americans than caucasians. It is very common in Kenya because of the drink mursik (fermented milk).
This condition is caused by a submucosal artery that does not branch properly causing erosion and gastric bleeding.
Dieulafoy lesion
This disease is otherwise known as the “watermelon stomach”.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) - it is responsible for a minority of non-variceal upper GI bleeding.
The watershed zone at the splenic flexure particularly susceptible to ischemia is termed _?
Griffith’s point
The watershed zone at the rectosigmoid area particularly susceptible to ischemia is termed _?
Sudeck’s point
What is the most common etiologic agent of traveler’s diarrhea in developed countries?
Campylobacter spp.
What is the viral factor of Rotavirus that induces epithelial apoptosis?
Non-structural protein 4 (NSP4)
Which of the following characteristics favor Chron Disease?
A. Ileum is spared
B. Pseudopolyps
C. Concordance rate of monozygotic twins approaches 50%
D. Toxic megacolon
C.
What is the criteria for lymphocytic colitis?
A. One T lymphocyte per three colonocytes?
B. More than one T lymphocyte per three colonocytes?
C. One T lymphocyte per five colonocytes?
D. More than one T lymphocyte per five colonocytes?
D.
Intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the colon is defined as invasion of what layer?
Invasion beyond basement membrane until the muscularis mucosae.
Remarks: Invasion of muscularis propria = invasive adenocarcinoma.
Left sided colon adenocarcinoma is to APC mutation while right sided colon adenocarcinoma is to _?
DNA mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability.
Which of the following statements favor a right sided colon adenocarcinoma? A. 80% of sporadic cases B. More common in women C. KRAS and TP53 mutations D. Hyperplastic polyp
B.
Remarks: the rest of the statements favor a left sided colon adenocarcinoma.
