Random Questions

Question 1

When is it hypoxia?

Answer 1

PaO2<90%

Question 2

ABC of CPR

Answer 2

A- airways
B- breathing
C- circulation

D- drugs
E- ecg
F- fluids

Question 3

The 5H and Ts

Answer 3

Hypovolemia/haemorrhage, hypoxia/hypoventilation, H+, hypoglycaemia

Toxins, tension pneumothorax, thromboembolism, tamponade, trauma.

Question 4

PaO2/ FiO2 ratio

Answer 4

Normal >400
Hypoxaemia 300-400
Acute lung injury 200-300
ARDS <200

Question 5

Laryngeal paralysis most frequently in

Answer 5

Large breeds, elderly dogs, pugs

Question 6

Tracheal collapse most frequently in

Answer 6

Toy breeds, Yorkshire, chihuahua, poodle

Question 7

Laryngeal collapse most seen in

Answer 7

Brachycephal syndroma

Question 8

Nasal discharge can be… and consistency

Answer 8

Unilateral, bilateral

Viral= watery
Bacterial= purulent 
Blood= tumour, fungi, foreign body, unilateral

Question 9

Viral rhinitis is caused by

Answer 9

FHV-1, FCV, Canine distemper, CHV

Question 10

Laryngeal paralysis:

Answer 10

Starts on left side, arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct at inspiration.

Question 11

Prognathic bite:

Answer 11

Long mandible.

Common in brachycephalic breeds.

Question 12

Brachygnathic bite:

Answer 12

Short mandible. Can cause palatal trauma.

Question 13

Umbilical hernia is common in:

Answer 13

Airedale terrier, Pekingese, pointer

Question 14

At what age should testicles have descended into scrotum?

Answer 14

At 8 weeks

Question 15

Mandatory vaccine of dogs:

Answer 15

Rabies

Question 16

Core vaccines:

Answer 16

(Rabies)
Parvoviral enteritis
Distemper
Infectious hepatitis

Cat:
Parvoviral panleukopenia
Rhinotracheitis
Feline calicivirus

Question 17

Non-core vaccines

Answer 17

Kennel cough
Leptospirosis
Lyme- borreliosis
Influenza in USA

Cat: 
Rabies
FeLV
Chlamydiosis
FIV in USA

Question 18

Basic immunisation of puppies and kittens

Answer 18

Basic immunisation:
6-8 weeks and then 3-4 injections at 2-4 weeks intervals.
Last injection at 16 weeks.
Security vaccine at 6-12 months of age.

Animals older than 16 weeks:
1 injection

Revaccinate: every 3 rd year.

Cat flu every year.

Question 19

Bacterial rhinitis background

Answer 19

Usually secondary: viral infection, foreign body, tumour, rupture of mucous membrane.

Sometimes primary: Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bordetella, Chlamydia.

Treatment: AB

Question 20

Mycotic rhinitis

Answer 20

Dog: Aspergillus
Cat: Cryptococcus

Nasal cavity and sinuses.
Signs: discharge, depigmentation, pain, epistaxis, sneezing.

Question 21

Treatment of mycotic rhinitis

Answer 21

Topical Clotrimazole 1% gel (be careful in bone reabsorption!) + oral itraconazole 8 weeks.

Topical: enilconazole via tubes 10ml 10% BID for 14 d.
Systemic: ketoconazole, traconazole, fluconazole for 8 weeks.

Question 22

Tumour cell of nasal cavity

Answer 22

Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma

Question 23

Epistaxis

Answer 23

Symptom of: Aspergillosis, tumour, trauma, DIC, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, hypertension, Leishmaniasis.

Question 24

Cartilages in the larynx

Answer 24

3 unpaired: epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid

1 paired: arytenoid

Question 25

What muscle is responsible for opening of the larynx?

Answer 25

Cricoartenoid muscles

Question 26

Clinical signs that there is something wrong with the larynx:

Answer 26

Changes in vocalisation, stridor, cough, gagging, pain, fremitus.

Question 27

Diseases of the larynx

Answer 27

Laryngitis, Laryngeal paralysis, Laryngeal collapse, Brachycephalic airway syndrome, Neoplasia.

Question 28

Medication for laryngitis

Answer 28

Doxycycline, amoxcillin+ clavulenic acid. Antitussive: butorphanol, hydrocodone. Glucocorticosteorids- in edema.

Question 29

Laryngeal paralysis:

Answer 29

Arytenoid cartilage fails to abduct during inspiration, older, larger dogs. Recurrent laryngeal nerve. Congenital: Bouver de Flandres, Siberian husky, Bull terrier. Partial= paresis

Question 30

Signs of laryngeal paralysis:

Answer 30

Change in bark, exercise intolerance, cough, respiratory distress, hyperthermia. Paradoxial movement of larynx during respiration.

Question 31

Medication at laryngeal paralysis:

Answer 31

Anxiolytic tranquilizer acepromazine 0,02-0,05 mg/kg IM, IV, SC or butorphanol. Hyperthermia: cool IV fluid Gucocorticoids, furosemide when edema and inflammation.

Question 32

Laryngeal collapse/ brachycephalic airway syndrome

Answer 32

Secondary to congential malformation. Chronic increase negative pressure during inspiration leads to laryngeal cartilages will weaken and collapse. Medially displaced cuneiform and corniculate processes.

Question 33

Tracheal collapse, clinical signs

Answer 33

Goose honk, cough, emphysema, cough can be elicited, auscultation sounds.

Question 34

Treatment of non-infectious tracheitis

Answer 34

Antitussive- codeine, butorphanol, dextromethorphan. Broncodilating- theophylline, aminophylline, terbutaline Prednisone, nebulization