random quizzes chap 5-6 Flashcards
(231 cards)
1
Q
A 5 year old boy has fallen and a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist he has possibly sustained a fracture of the
A
distal forarm
2
Q
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
A
heat
3
Q
A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a:
A
distal humerus fracture
4
Q
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The “130” represents:
A
ventricular contractions
5
Q
A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:
A
bilateral
6
Q
A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the _______ position:
A
fowlers
7
Q
A person’s bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:
A
calcium
8
Q
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
A
plantar
9
Q
Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the
A
pancreas
10
Q
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:
A
somatic nervous system
11
Q
All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain
A
brain stem
12
Q
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of
A
beta-1 receptors
13
Q
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body’s position?
A
prone
14
Q
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
A
patelle
15
Q
As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:
A
alveoli
16
Q
At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed
A
100 beats/min
17
Q
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
A
gallbladder
18
Q
Both areas of the pons are used to:
A
augmet respiration’s during emotional or physical stress
19
Q
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
A
increase in carbon dioxide which decreases the ph of the CSF
20
Q
Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because
A
waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells
21
Q
Cardiac output(CO) is affected by:
A
stroke volume and heart rateq
22
Q
Contraction of the right ventricle causes
A
blood flow into the pulmonary circulation
23
Q
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:
A
contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange
24
Q
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
A
inferior vena cava
25
During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV)
70 to 80 ml
26
Each pelvic bone is formed by the fusion of the:
ilium, ischium, and pubis
27
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ______ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
28
What is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?
Intravenous
29
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to ___% oxygen.
44
30
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? a) Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream b) Glucose is usually administered by the EMT-B via the intravenous route c) Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic d) Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream
Glucose is a simple suge
31
How does respiration differ from ventilation
respiration is the process of gas exchange whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the enviorment
32
If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
minute volume is decreased
33
In relation to the chest, the back is:
posterior
34
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is
priximal
35
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
epinephrine norepinephrine
36
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when
the cells function with adequate oxygen
37
Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:
abduction
38
Negative pressure breathing involves:
a drop of pressure with in the chest cavity
39
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
40
Pathophysiologyis the study of the functional change that occur when the body reacts to a particular:
disease
41
Relative to the adult's airway, the child's
pharynx
42
Relative to the kidneys, the liver is
unilateral
43
name the areas of the spinal column in descending order
cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacal, coccyx
44
Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, except:
a reduction in tidal volume
45
Skeletal muscle is also called
voluntary muscles
46
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors result in
constriction of the blood vessels
47
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:
slow heart rate
48
The air you breathe is ____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen.
21% 16%
49
The amount of air that remain is the lungs simply to keep them open is called:
residual volume
50
The airway that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
dorsalis pedis
51
The atlas is the
first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull
52
The automatic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:
breath holding`
53
The average adult has approximately _______of blood in his or her body.
6L
54
The axial skeleton is composed of the
skull face thorax and vertebral column
55
The backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called:
hypoxic drive
56
The bones of the forearm are called the
radius and alna
57
The bones that comprise the fingers and toes are called:
phalanges
58
The bony prominence on the lateral/ superior aspect of the thigh is called the
greater trochanter
59
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
60
The carpal bones form the
wrist
61
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal column
62
The cervical spine is composed of ____ vertebrea
7
63
The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs called:
perfusion
64
The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:
connection the sensory and motor nerves and by passing the brain
65
The descending aorta branches into the:
common illiac arteries
66
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
inhalation
67
The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:
is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle
68
The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:
medial malleolus
69
The dorsal respiratory group(DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:
initiating inspiration
70
The elbow is an example of a ____joint
hinge
71
The electrical of the heart normally begins at the:
sinoatrial node
72
The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:
capillaries
73
The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:
pancreatic juice
74
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
acetabulum
75
The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:
cricoid cartilage
76
The heart muscle is called the
myocardium
77
The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:
stretch receptors in the chest wall detect the the lungs are too full
78
The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:
xiphoid process
79
The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitonel organs because they:
are located behind th abdominal cavit
80
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
scapula
81
The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter," is called the:
cerebrum
82
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called:
epiglottis
83
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
pulmonary veins
84
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
aorta
85
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
coccyx
86
The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:
manubrium
87
The nose, chin, umbilicus(navel), and spine are examples of ______ anatomic structures.
midline
88
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
right side cerebrum
89
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:
diastole
90
The primary function of the right atrium is to:
receive blood from the vena cava
91
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
small intestine
92
The supporting bone of the arm is the
humerus
93
The topographic term used to describe the location of the body parts are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:
medial
94
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
inferior
95
The vocal cords are located in the
larynx
96
The wastes products of aerobic metabolism include:
carbon dioxide and water
97
The_____fills the entire anteroposterier depth of the right upper quadrant(RUQ) of the abdomen.
liver
98
The _____ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
orbit
99
The ______ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.
apex
100
The _____plane separates the body into left and right halves.
midsagittal
101
The _____ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
sacrum
102
The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
diaphragm
103
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
five
104
Trauma to the _____lobe of the brain wold likely result in visual disturbances.
occipital
105
Trendelenburg's position is most accurately defined as a:
supine position legs elevated 6 to 12 inches higher then the body
106
Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?
thoracic
107
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
ureters
108
What function does the pneumotaxic center serve?
inhibits the DRG resulting in shorter, faster respiration's
109
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
the arteries contract to increase blood pressure
110
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
transport a mature egg to the urterus
111
What is the main function of platelets?
initial formation of blood clots
112
What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5600
| Tidal Vol - Dead space * R.R
113
What layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?
subcutaneous
114
What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?
sensory
115
What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?
clavicle, scapula, humorus
116
Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"?
posterior
117
Which of the following are central pulses?
femoral and cartiod
118
Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?
pulmonary
119
Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?
pituitary
120
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
121
Is respiration of 20 breaths per min adequate breathing in adults
yes
122
is a mastoid a facial bone
no mastoid is a bony mass
123
is a metabolic coordination a function of the skin
no
124
Is the kidney part of the digestive system
no
125
Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitonel space?
kidneys certain large vessels and parts of the gastrointestinal track
126
What is seesaw respirations unique to
infants and children
127
Which is the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?
dermis
128
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct
agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted
129
Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?
anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular is limited
130
Which of the following statements regarding nervous system conrol of the cardiovascular system is correct?
baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure
131
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients
132
Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?
a person had no voluntary control over smooth muscle
133
is the heart under control of the autonomic nervous system
yes
134
Do the kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control its balance of water and salt
yes
135
What is the medulla oblongata sensitive to
the medulla is sensititve to ph changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphram
136
Does the skeletal system contain smooth muscle
no
137
What system is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities
endorcrine
138
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant(LUQ) of the abdomen?
spleen
139
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movement such as writing or sewing?
cerebellum
140
White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:
Protecting the body from infection
141
Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the
spleen
142
Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:
reticular activating system
143
_____ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressure
hydrostatic
144
Persons who are 19-40 years of age
Early adults
145
An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked
sucking reflex
146
A bond between an infant and his/her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his/her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his/her needs and take care of him/her when he or she needs help
secure attachment
147
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience
post conventional reason
148
Persons who are from 1 month to 1 year of age
infants
149
A person who is 6 to 12 years of age
school age child
150
a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
atherosclerosis
151
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.
rooting reflex
152
formation of a close, personal relationship
bonding
153
An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his/her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things
moro reflex
154
Areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.
fontanelles
155
Persons who are 41-60 years of age
middle adults
156
Injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across body surfaces; for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.
barotrauma
157
a type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society
conventional reasoning
158
Persons who are 12 to 19 years of age
adolescents
159
Persons who are 61 years old or older
late adults
160
average amount of years a person can be expected to live
life expectancy
161
persons who are birth to 1 month of age
neoate
162
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.
anxious-avoidant attachment
163
Persons who are 1 to 3 years of age
toddlers
164
basic filtering units in the kidneys
nephrons
165
an infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object
palmar grasp
166
Persons who are 3 to 6 years of age
preschoolers
167
A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment to get what he or she wants
preconventional reasoning
168
The theory that a person's mental function declines in the last 5 years of life.
terminal drop hypothesis
169
A phrase that refers to a stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust of their parents or caregivers if their world is planned organized, and routine.
trust mistrust
170
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
increases which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
171
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
An infants toung is proportionately larder than an adults
172
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
70 to 120 bpm
173
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
the occiput is proportionately large ant the trachea is flexible
174
Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:
thier rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally
175
Is an infants body temperature typically higher than a preschoolers
yes
176
At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years.
78/120
177
What is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?
Secondary sexual development
178
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times
179
Describe the moro reflex
The neonate opens his or her arms wide spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled
180
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence
181
What are noticeable characteristics of a 9 month old infant
places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
182
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death
183
Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?
Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
184
Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
age related changes in the nervous system
185
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.
186
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
9 and 18 month
187
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
elasticity of the lungs decreases
188
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
INQUIRE ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PREGNANCY IN PRIVATE IF POSSIBLE
189
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
10 to 18 mo
190
When assessing an 80-year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:
age- related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion
191
Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:
increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain
192
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
19 and 25 years
193
In preconventional reasoning, children:
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want
194
Is increased surface area available for air exchange a contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of and elderly patient
no
195
When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that
age- related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears
196
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
middle age adults
197
An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:
blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight
198
What is the normal pulse rate of a neonate?
90-180 bpm
199
Clingy behavior and fear of unfamiliar places and people, which usually occurs between ages 10 and 18 months, is called...
separation anxiety
200
Basic language is usually mastered by what age?
36 mo
201
Children begin to develop their self-concept and self-esteem during what period of growth?
school age
202
what age group is considered a toddler
1-3 years
203
What age group is most fixated on public image and terrified of being embarressed
12-18
204
THe human body should be functioning at its optimal level in what age group?
19-40
205
Increasing cholesterol levels and decreased efficiency of the heart begins to become a concern for which age group?
41-60 years
206
name the facts regarding respiratory system of older adults
A)The size of the airway increases.
B) The elasticity of the lungs decreases.
C) The strength of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm decreases.
207
Statistically, what percentage of the elderly live at home?
.95
208
Normal pulse
60-100
209
normal respirations
12-20
210
normal systolic blood pressure by age
12-18 years 90-110 19-60 years 90-140
211
Normal temp
98.6
212
rooting reflex
infant reflex that occurs when something touches their cheek and the infant turns his or her head toward the touch
213
Infant mile stones 2 mo
recognize familair faces track objects with eyes
214
Infant mile stone 3 mo
bring objects to mouth smile and frown
215
Infant mile stone 4 mo
reaches out to people drools
216
infant miles stone 5 mo
sleeps through night can tell family from strangers
217
infant mile stone 6 mo
Teething begins sits upright in a chair one syllable words spoken
218
infant mile stones 7 mo
afraid of strangers mood swings
219
Infant mile stones 8 mo
responds to no can sit alone plays peek a boo
220
infant miles stones 9 mo
pulls self up places object in mouth to explore them
221
Infant miles stone 10 month re
responds to name crawls
222
Infant mile stone 11 month
starts to walk frustrated with restrictions
223
Infant mile stone 12 mo
knows name can walk
224
Age-related changes in the renal system result in
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed
225
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child
shows little emotional response to parent or caregiver following repeated rejection
226
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to
shrinkage of the brain
227
Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:
Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally
228
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to in crease cardiac output
229
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to
atheroscerosis
230
Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?
they are preparing for retirement but still must meet every day demands of of financial concern
231
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30 year old is
90 mm hg
