Random vragen

Question 1

What do the following structures do in the eye?
1. the iris
2. the ciliary body
3. the choroid

Answer 1

1. the iris transmits oxygen to the aqueous humor
2. the ciliary body is responsible for the formation of aqueous humor and of hyaluronic acid
3. the choroid supplies the outer retinal layers

Question 2

the choroid is interposed between which structures of the eye?

Answer 2

between the retina and the sclera

Question 3

With which membrane is the choroid separated from the retinal pigment epithelium?

Answer 3

the Bruchˋs membrane

Question 4

Give the ocular findings correlated with albinism (3)

Answer 4

1. diaphanous iris
2. hypopigmentation of the fundus with visible choroidal vessels
3. hypoplasia of the fovea

Question 5

where is an iris coloboma typically located? Wich other anomalies are frequently found?

Answer 5

1. inferiorly
2. colobomas of the fundus

Question 6

What happens anatomically with a coloboma of the choroid?

Answer 6

in this area the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium are missing

Question 7

What can a coloboma of the choroid induce?

Answer 7

retinal detachment may develop from the margin of a fundus coloboma

Question 8

What is aqueous flare?

Answer 8

a leakage of proteins and suspensions of cells of variable degree becaus of uveitis anterior

Question 9

large keratic precipitates ˋmutton fat´are typical for what kind of inflammations?

Answer 9

typically occur in granulomatous inflammations (sarcoidosis)

Question 10

Small fine keratic precipitates evenly spread over the corneal endothelium are characeristic for what kind of infections?

Answer 10

viral infections (e.g. cytomegalovirus)

Question 11

1. what are the clinical findings of a heterochromia iritis?
2. What is the cause of a heterochromia iritis?

Answer 11

1 - lighter iris (Atrophie of the stroma)
- cataract
- unilateral
- no signs of inflammation or pain
- small keratic precipitates, star-shaped, and may have fine processes
- synechia are not found
2. a viral infection is suspected

Question 12

Which kind of pathology can cause a hypopyon? (5)

Answer 12

1. ulcers with perforation
2. severe inflammations of the anterior segment
3. endophtalmitis
4. tumors
5. leukemia

Question 13

What happens anatomically with the ocular structures in a chorioretinal scar?

Answer 13

a complete atrophy of the retina and the choroid

Question 14

What can be a complication of a chorioretinal scar in toxoplasmosis?

Answer 14

Recurrence of a toxoplasmosis infection of old scars

Question 15

What is a characteristic feature of a recurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis?

Answer 15

the necrotizing retinitis at the margin of old scars

Question 16

Which structures are affected with peripapillary serpiginous choroiditis?
How is the spreading in peripapillary serpiginous choroiditis?
What is the cause of it?

Answer 16

1. the inner layers of the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium
2. the inflammation spreads from the peripapillary regions to the periphery within months to years
3. the cause is unkown

Question 17

What are the signs of malignancy with the observation of a iris nevus?

Answer 17

1. growth
2. vascularisation

Question 18

What are characteristics of a choroidal nevi?

Answer 18

1. the flatness
2. the unchanged overlying retina
3. no change in form, no growth
4. yellowish drusen

Question 19

what can be the cause of a subretinal hemorrhage? (4)

Answer 19

1. trauma
2. surgery with abrupt lowering of the intraocular pressure
3. systemic conditions with altered hemostasis
4. choroidal neovascularizations

Question 20

How are iristumors treated?

Answer 20

local resection is usually sufficient

Question 21

What ar the common primary neoplasms of choroidal metastasis?

Answer 21

mostly breast and lung carcinoma

Question 22

How can choroidal metastasis be differentiated clinically from primary malignant tumors of the choroid?

Answer 22

1. faster growth
2. are less elevated
3. have a superficial yellowish hue

Question 23

What are Lisch nodules and with which disease are they associated?

Answer 23

1. slightly elevated irisnodules
2. neurofibromatosis type 1

Question 24

What kind of vascular disease shoud be examined with rubeosis iridis?

Answer 24

1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Carotid artery occlusive disease

Question 25

What are angoid streaks?

Answer 25

dehischences in Bruchˋs membrane

Question 26

Where in the fundus can you find angoid streaks?

Answer 26

the linear lesions can be foudn around the optic disc and in the mid-periphery

Question 27

With which systemic disorders are angoid streaks associated?

Answer 27

1. pseudoxanthoma elasticum 2. Ehlers-Danlos sydrome

Question 28

What is a frequent complication of angioid streaks?

Answer 28

choroidal neovascularization

Question 29

With which ocular conditions is congenital aniridia mostly associated? (2)

Answer 29

1. Nystagmus 2. Amblyopia

Question 30

With which ocular condition is circular ectropion uveae at the pupillary margin associated?

Answer 30

With dysgenesis of the filtration angle and primary glaucoma

Question 31

Name the different stages of the hydrodynamics of the aqueous humor

Answer 31

1. Production: in the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber 2. it flows around the lens and through the pupil in the anterior chamber 3. it flows downwards along the cornea endothelium 4. it rises in proximity to the warmer iris 5. it leaves the eye throug the trabecular meshwork, Schlemmˋs canal collector channels, episcleral veins

Question 32

Name the different structures you can see in an open angle with Gonioskopy

Answer 32

1. Schwalbeˋs line 2. the position of the Schlemm ˋs canal (darkly pigmented band) 3. the scleral spur (the white band) 4. the ciliary body band

Question 33

When is the anterior chamber angle determined wide and open?

Answer 33

if the structures in between Schwalbeˋs line (anterior limitation of the outflow structures) and the scleral spur (posterior limitation of the outflow structures) are visisble for the most part of the circumference upon gonioskopy

Question 34

Name 3 characteristic glaucomatous nerve fiber defects

Answer 34

1. the inferior pole of the optic disc is particulary vulnerable 1a. if only the superficial nerve fiber layer is damaged -> a nasal peripheral scotoma results 1b. an impairment of the deeper portions of the nerve fiber layer -> an arcuate scotoma results 1c. with damage to the entire thickness of the nerve fiber layer at the inferior pole of the optic disc -> an arcuate scotoma extending to the periphery results