Random_9 Flashcards
1
Q
Pancreas divisum
and
Santorinicele
A
- pancreas divisum - most common congenital pancreatic anomaly
- 10% of the general population
- only 5% will become symptomatic
- Santorinicele - cystic dilation of the terminal portion of the dorsal pancreatic duct in patients with pancreas divisum
- due to distal obstruction or duct wall weakness
- associated with recurrent pancreatitis
- although santorinicele can occur in pediatric patients without prior pancreatitis or with normal pancreatic anatomy
- Dx - MRCP - T-shaped configuration, dorsal duct of Santorini cross over the CBD to drain into the minor papilla
- Rx - endoscopic drainage procedure, such as minor papilla sphincterotomy
2
Q
“Crenated” cyst
A
“Crenated cyst”
having a margin with rounded scallops.
3
Q
On MR, which sequence to you use to examine
whether the kidneys have preserved corticomedullary differentiation?
A
T1
4
Q
How do you differentiate
chronic inflammation (fibrosis)
from
active/acute inflammation
of Crohn’s disease?
A
- both chronic inflammation (fibrosis) and acute inflammation can have enhancement post gad administration
- but only acute inflammation will demonstrate edema signal on T2 WI
5
Q
What is the best sequence to examine the pancreas
A
- Use unenhanced T1 to examine the bulk and signal intensity of the pancreas - normal pancreatic parenchyma should be T1 hyperintense
- Anything abnormal will be T1 hypointense on MR
6
Q
If a tumor is very dark on T2 - very hypointense T2 signal intensity corresponds to post treatment changes
Very bad, active mets shoudl be T2 “gray”
A
If a tumor is very dark on T2 - very hypointense T2 signal intensity corresponds to post treatment changes
Very bad, active mets shoudl be T2 “gray”
7
Q
A
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC)
- uncommon
- chronic inflammatory condition characterized by infiltration of the gallbladder by destructive lipid-laiden macrophages
- imaigng features
- diffuse gallbladder wall thickening
- hypodense intramural nodules - containing lipid-laiden macrophages
- continuous enhancing gallbladder mucosa (as opposed to gallbladder carcinoma where mucosa is disrupted)
- women > men
- often associated w/ cholelithiasis
- Rx: cholesystostomy and then cholecystectomy
- DDx:
- acute / chronic cholecystitis
- gallbladder carcinoma
8
Q
Demographics of gallbladder carcinoma?
A
Female:Male = 3:1
9
Q
There is also diffuse intrahepatic biliary dilatation commensurate with the degree of the CBD dilatation.
A
There is also diffuse intrahepatic biliary dilatation commensurate with the degree of the CBD dilatation.
10
Q
What to say about CBD dilatation without a cause identified?
A
No intraluminal filling defect, mural thickening, or extrinsic mass lesion.
This appearance is presumably on the basis of an underlying benign ampullary stricture, which remains the diagnosis of exclusion.
11
Q
Biliary manifestations of CF?
A
- cholelithiasis
- stricturing
- narrowing and dilatation of biliary tree
12
Q
Innocuous
A
Innocuous
not harmful, safe, non-offensive, innocent
13
Q
3 head of gastrocnemius muscle
A
- most often innocuous
- but can cause popliteal vascular entrapment syndrome
14
Q
Typical findings of fat or silicone
embolism syndrome
A
- Peripheral consolidations and ground glass opacities
- Silicone deposits in small arterioles and can increase pulmonary artery pressures sufficiently to precipitate cor pulmonale
*
15
Q
DDx for arterial enhancing focal liver lesions
A
- FNH
- adenoma
- vascular shunt
- HCC
- hypervascular mets
- MRCT
- carcinoid
- neuroendocrine tumors
16
Q
wording
…, in combination of …, most strongly favor the diagnosis of …
A
…, in combination of …, most strongly favor the diagnosis of …
17
Q
A Richter hernia is an abdominal hernia in which comprise 10% of strangulated hernias. These hernias progress more rapidly to gangrene than other strangulated hernias, and obstruction is less frequent.
Pathology
Only the antimesenteric wall of the bowel has herniated without compromising the entire lumen. This herniation is usually through a small defect in the abdominal wall. The most often entrapped part of bowel is the terminal ileum, however any part of the bowel can be involved.
A
A Richter hernia is an abdominal hernia in which comprise 10% of strangulated hernias. These hernias progress more rapidly to gangrene than other strangulated hernias, and obstruction is less frequent.
Pathology
Only the antimesenteric wall of the bowel has herniated without compromising the entire lumen. This herniation is usually through a small defect in the abdominal wall. The most often entrapped part of bowel is the terminal ileum, however any part of the bowel can be involved.
18
Q
What to think about when presented with
CT AP ? appendicitis
but appendix is normal
but thickened small bowel loops
with fluid in the colon???
A
Infectious enteritis
affecting the small bowel
and dirarrhea!!!
19
Q
If you can’t make out the liver parenchyma against the vessels – fatty liver!!!
Don’t just compare with the spleen!!!
A
If you can’t make out the liver parenchyma against the vessels – fatty liver!!!
Don’t just compare with the spleen!!!
20
Q
Adrenal lesion 6 months of no growth
– adrenal adenoma!!!
A
Adrenal lesion 6 months of no growth
– adrenal adenoma!!!
21
Q
Renal collecting system duplication
Renal duplication
- upper obstructs
- lower refluxes
A
Renal collecting system duplication
Renal duplication
- upper obstructs
- lower refluxes
22
Q
Ischemic bowel – look for non-enhancement and pneumatosis!!
A
Ischemic bowel – look for non-enhancement and pneumatosis!!
23
Q
Fibrofatty proliferation
vs
Submucosal fat deposition
A
Fibrofatty proliferation - lots of mesenteric fat proliferation; separate the diseased small bowel (often the TI) from other bowel loops
Submucosal fat deposition
24
Q
“2.9 x 2.3 x 1.9 cm soft tissue density mass adherent to the posterior urinary bladder dome, and the diagnosis of exclusion is a primary bladder neoplasm. Urology consult is recommended. If this soft tissue mass is ultimately proven to be a bladder neoplasm, no evidence of intra-abdominal metastatic disease is demonstrated within the limitations of this unenhanced CT.”
A
“2.9 x 2.3 x 1.9 cm soft tissue density mass adherent to the posterior urinary bladder dome, and the diagnosis of exclusion is a primary bladder neoplasm. Urology consult is recommended. If this soft tissue mass is ultimately proven to be a bladder neoplasm, no evidence of intra-abdominal metastatic disease is demonstrated within the limitations of this unenhanced CT.”
25
"Incidental lipid rich left adrenal adenoma. Note that imaging cannot differentiate functioning from nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas."
"Incidental lipid rich left adrenal adenoma. Note that imaging cannot differentiate functioning from nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas."
26
"Somewhat unusual submucosal fat deposition in the stomach, duodenum, several segments of small bowel, and rectosigmoid colon. This appearance is nonspecific, but has been described in the literature in patients with remote inflammatory disease of the bowel. No active inflammatory changes involving the GI tract on today's study."
"Somewhat unusual submucosal fat deposition in the stomach, duodenum, several segments of small bowel, and rectosigmoid colon. This appearance is nonspecific, but has been described in the literature in patients with remote inflammatory disease of the bowel. No active inflammatory changes involving the GI tract on today's study."
27
Pancreatic AVM
* rare
* most often congenital, such as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
* complications - high flow -\> portal hypertension --\> gastric/esophageal varices and GI bleed
28
DDx for
focal, small (\<1cm), low attenuation lesions in the liver
in an AIDS pt?
* TB
* AIDS-related lymphoma
* Kaposi's sarcoma
* histoplasmosis
29
DDx for
focal, small (\<1cm) low-attenuation lesions in the spleen
in an AIDS pt?
* TB
* MAI
* coccidiomycosis
* candidiasis
* bacillary peliosis
* Kaposi's sarcoma
* AIDS-related lymphoma
* PJP
30
Focal bowel wall thickening
or
focal bowel mass
in an AIDS pt?
NEARLY ALWAYS
AIDS-related lymphoma
31
HIV nephropathy?
Nephromegaly
with striated nephrogram
32
Muscle labelled 10?
Quadratus Lumborum
33
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
PJS
* autosomal dominant
* pigmented mucocutaneous lesions
* hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract
* most common: small bowel and colon
* associated with low malignnat potential (\<3%)
* elevated risk of developing multiple forms of cancer - colorectal, gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, hepatic, pulmonary, breast, cervical, ovarian, uterine, testicular, etc...
* 93% will get cancer in lifetime
* due to mutated tumor suppressor gene STK11
*
34
Paget–Schroetter disease,
also known as
Paget–von Schrötter disease
is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms. These DVTs typically occur in the axillary or subclavian veins.
Paget–Schroetter disease,
also known as
Paget–von Schrötter disease
is a form of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical condition in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the arms. These DVTs typically occur in the axillary or subclavian veins.
35
J Sign
* Elongated, narrow axillary recess. Discontinuous inferior glenohumeral ligament with "J sign" (J-shaped axillary pouch).
* Definition: Humeral avulsion glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is a tear of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) at its humeral attachment with torn capsule at the humeral attachment.
* Signs/symptoms: Recent anterior dislocation. Continued pain and recurrent dislocations. Recurrent instability.
* Discontinuous IGHL fibers at the humeral surface. Capsule assumes "J" shape on coronal images. (normal axillary pouch has a U-shaped contour).
* Elongated, narrow axillary pouch.
* Often associated with Bankart fracture and Hill-Sachs deformity.
36
Hill-Sachs
Bankart
37
Accessory soleus muscle
* deep to gastrocnemius muscle
* inserts anterior and medial to the Achilles tendon
* manifests as a soft tissue mass in the posteromedial ankle
* may be associated with pain
* localized compartment syndrome
* poor blood supply (posterior tibial artery)
* accessory soleus hypertrophy - compress posterior tibial nerve
* X-ray - obscuration of the triangular Kager's fat pad anterior to the Achilles tendon (normal Kager's fat pad below)
38
Proximal Femoral Insufficiency Fractures in Patients Receiving Bisphosphonate Therapy
Proximal Femoral Insufficiency Fractures in Patients Receiving Bisphosphonate Therapy
* proximal femoral diaphyseal location
* lateral cortex
* transverse fracture with localized thickening
39
Bouthillier classification of ICA segments
Bouthillier classification of ICA segments
1. cervical segment
2. petrous segment
* caroticotympanic artery
* vidian artery
3. lacerum segment
4. cavernous segment
* meningohypophyseal trunk
* inferolateral trunk
5. clinoid segment
6. ophthalmic (supraclinoid) segment
* ophthalmic artery
* superior hypophyseal artery
7. communicating (terminal) segment
* posterior communicating artery
* anterior choroidal artery
* ACA
* MCA
40
Chylous ascites as a complication of laparoscopic nephrectomy
* Postoperative chylous ascites, an accumulation of milk-like, triglyceride-rich lymph in the abdominal cavity, is a relatively uncommon complication of retroperitoneal surgery.
* The presence of *_a fat-fluid level_* within ascitic fluid is diagnostic of chylous ascites.
* Most cases of traumatic chylous ascites resolve with nonoperative treatment (dietary restrictions, total parenteral nutrition, and somatostatin analogues), but refractory cases may require surgical intervention.
*
41
Chilaiditi’s Sign / Syndrome
* Pronounced “Ky-La-Ditty”
* Hepatodiaphragmatic Interposition of the Intestine
42
Amyand's hernia
An inguinal hernia with an appendix involved.
43
DDx for intradural and intramedullary mass lesions
DDx for intradural and intramedullary mass lesions
* ependymoma
* astrocytoma
* hemangioblastoma
* cavernoma
* metastasis\* - rare
* incl: intramedullary plasmocytoma from multiple myeloma
44
Lung cancer screening reduces overall mortality from lung cancer by 20%
Lung cancer screening also reduces all-cause mortality
Lung cancer screening reduces overall mortality from lung cancer by 20%
Lung cancer screening also reduces all-cause mortality
45
New CT size criteria for lymph nodes
* subcarinal node - 11mm
* cardiophrenic node - 5mm
46
What is the boundary b/t superior vs inferior
paratracheal nodes?
* superior - above the junction of L BCV & SVC
* inferior - below the junction of L BCV/SVC
47
Types of cardiophrenic ndoes
* anterior - cardiophrenic node
* middle - juxtophrenic node
* posterior - retrocrural node
48
Difference b/t hilar and interlobar node?
* Hilar -
* Interlobar - beyond the mainstem bronchus
49
Lepidic
Lepidic
Relating to scales or a scaly covering layer
50
Young patient with hemoptysis and lobar collapse
Carcinoid tumor
51
Well-defined peripheral lesion with coarse internal calcifications and fat density
Hamartoma
52
Carney triad
* pulmonary chondroma
* extra-adrenal paraganglioma
* GIST
* a multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome - MEN
* mainly in young women
53
Multiple focal opacities with flame shaped margins
Kaposi sarcoma in lungs
54
Wedge resection
vs
Lobectomy
vs
Pneumonectomy
* Wedge resection - lowest morbidity; but does not respect broncholymphatic drainage, not complete resection of tumor
* Lobectomy - can do double lobectomy - RUL/RML or RML/RLL
* Pneumonectomy - if the tumor is proximal and central in location
55
Post pneumonectomy
* Usually takes 1 week for the fluid to fill up the ipsilateral hemithorax
* Normal - air-fluid level *_above_* the bronchus
* Abnormal - air-fluid level below the bronchus - lots of air but small fluid - underlying leak, e.g., bronchopleural fistula
56
Anterior and Posterior to the caudate lobe?
Anterior to caudate lobe - ligamentum venosum
Posterolateral to caudate lobe - IVC
57
Liver enhancement pattern in Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Central liver enhances early
Peripheral liver enhances late
58
Cystic/necrotic liver metastases
DDx
* mucinous colon carcinoma
* lung
* melanoma
* carcinoma
59
Calcified liver metastases
DDx
* mucinous adenocarcinoma (colon)
* osteosarcoma
* chondrosarcoma
60
Fibrolamellar carcinoma
alpha-fetal protein is not present in fibrolamellar HCC
61
Manifestation of liver involvement by lymphoma
* diffuse infiltration - hepatomegaly
* multiple well-defined, large, homogeneous, low-density nodules
* numerous small nodules resembling microabscesses
* associated w/ splenomegaly and abdominal LAD
62
Hepatic adenoma
* rare benign tumor
* young women - OCP
* young men - anabolic steroids
* also patients with glycogen storage dz - multiple adenomas
* Kupffer cells are occasionally present but are *_nonfunctional - therefore Tc99m sulfur colloid uptake is negative!_*
* complications
* rupture, hemorrhage
* malignant transformation
* Rx - surgical removal
63
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
* 2nd most common benign liver tumor (most common benign liver tumor - hemangioma)
* FNH contains all the histologic elements of normal liver - including functional Kupffer cells
* Primovist and Tc-99m SC scan positive
64
To differentiate
Hepatic adenoma vs FNH
Hepatic hemangioma
* FNH - Tc-99m SC scan
* Hemangioma - Tc-99m RBC scan
65
Normal diameter of CENTRAL intrahepatic biliary duct?
Normal diameter of CBD?
* normal intrahepatic ducts are 2mm in diameter in central liver
* normal CBD \< 6mm in 60y/o
66
Oriental cholangiohepatitis
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Oriental Cholangiohepatitis
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
* Southeast Asian and Chinese
* Organisms
* Clonorchis sinensis
* Ascaris lumbricoides
* malnutrition
* portal vein bacteremia
* dilated bile ducts filled with pus and stone; with enhancing ductal walls; marked dilatation of CBD is characteristic
67
AIDS related cholangitis
AIDS related cholangitis
* CMV or cryptosporidium
* focal narrowing and dilatation, mimicking PSC
68
Most common malignancy of the biliary system
Gallbladder carcinoma
is the most common malignancy of the biliary system
69
How long does it take for pancreatic pseudocyst to develop after an episode of acute pancreatitis?
6 weeks
the fluid collection must remain present for approx 6 weeks for the fibrous capsule to form and for the fluid collection to qualify being identified as a pancreatic pseudocyst
pancreatic pseudocyst contains high levels of *_amylase_*
70
Phlegmon
vs
Abscess
* Phlegmon
* a mass of edema and inflammation
* ill-defined, heterogenous, soft tissue and fluid densities
* 20-40 HU
* Abscess
* well-defined, loculated fluid collection may contain gas locules
* \< 20 HU
71
Signs of unresectability of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma
* extension of tumor beyond the margins of the pancreas
* tumor tissue invasion of adjacent organs - spleen, stomach, duodenum
* involvement of celiac axis, SMA, portal, splenic or superior mesenteric veins
* thickening of vessel walls
* soft tissue obscuring the normally sharp definition of the vessel by perivascular fat
* deformity of the vessel by the adjacent tumor
* enlargement of collateral vessels
* abscence of vessel enhancement
* distant metastasis to liver
* ascites
* peritoneal carcinomatosis
72
Benign vs malignant islet cell tumors
* malignant potential for pancreatic islet cell tumors:
* functioning
* insulinoma - 10%
* gastrinoma - 60%
* glucagonoma - 80%
* nonfunctioning
* up to 80% are malignant
73
Manifestation of pancreatic lymphoma
* most commonly by direct extension from peripancreatic lymphadenopathy
* focal tumor - well circumscribed with homogeneous attenuation less than muscle; enhances weakly but uniformly
* diffuse infiltration of the pancreas - resembles pancreatitis but without clinical evidence of pancreatitis
* peripancreatic LAD
* a bulky pancreatic mass *_with no or minimal pancreatic duct dilataiton_* - strongly favors lymphoma over adenocarcinoma
74
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
IPMN
IPMN
* secrets an excessive volume of mucin into the pancreatic ducts
* progressive dilation of main duct; progressive cystic ectasia of side branch ducts
* a separate entity from mucinous cystic tumors
* arise from epithelium lining of the pancreatic ducts
* main duct IPMN - marked diffuse or segmental enlargement of the pancreatic duct with atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma
* sidebranch IPMN - cystic ectasia of sidebranches - "bunch-of-grapes" appearance; multi-cystic appearance
75
Howell-Jolly bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies
* remnants of nuclear materal in RBC that are usually removed from the circulating blood by the spleen
* if a patient with hx of splenectomy has no Howell-Jolly bodies on peripheral blood smear, then accessory spleen or remnants of splenic tissue is present
76
DDx for splenomegaly
DDx for splenomegaly
* myeloproliferative
* infectious
* congestive
* infiltrative
77
DDx for splenic cyst
DDx for splenic cysts
* post-trauamtic cyst
* most common
* congenital epidermoid cyst
* true cyst, epithelial-lined cyst
* echinococcal cyst
* pancreatic pseudocyst
78
Most common tumor metastasizes to the spleen?
Most common tumor metastasizes to the spleen?
* melanoma\* - most common - 50%
* cystic mets
* lung
* breast
* ovarian
79
Most common neoplasm of the spleen?
Rare primary malignancy of the spleen?
Most common neoplasm of the spleen?
Hemangioma
A rare primary malignancy of the spleen?
Angiosarcoma
80
Fat-containing RCC
Fat-containing RCC
A few cases of fat-containing RCC have been reported. In each case the presence of fat has been attributed to osseous metaplasia of stromal portions of the tumor with growth of fatty marrow. Calcifications are usually present in association with these fat deposits (osseous metaplasia). Intratumoral calcifications are virtually never present in AML, therefore differentiating these two entities.
81
Manifestation of renal lymphoma
* multiple bilateral renal masses - most common!
* contiguous invasion from retroperitoneum; tumor encasement of renal vessels without thrombosis
* a solitary mass
* perirenal lymphoma
* diffuse infiltration
82
Renal medullary carcinoma
is associated with sickle cell disease
Renal medullary carcinoma
is associated with sickle cell disease
* arises from collecting tubules of renal medulla
* vs RCC arises from convoluted tubules of the renal cortex
83
Multilocular cystic nephroma
Multilocular cystic nephroma
* uncommon benign renal neoplasm
* cysts of varying size separated by connective tissue septa, which enhance
* demographics
* male infants
* women 40-60y/o
* commonly arises from renal upper pole
* herniating into the renal sinus
84
Renal TB
* multiple caseous granulomas form in the *_cortex_* - favorable blood supply
* spreading organisms to the tubules result in papillary necrosis
* calcifications are a hallmark; extensive calcification of a non-functioning kidney - putty kideny - end stage renal TB
* fibrotic strictures of the infundibula, pelvis, and ureters are chracteristic
85
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
XGP
* combination of chronic obstruction and chronic infection
* renal parenchyma destroyed and replaced by lipid-filled macrophages
* low-density enlargement of the entire kidney or affected area
* obstructing calculus
* extension of infectious process into the perirenal tissues is common
* similar process - xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis - lipid-laiden macrophages infiltrating the gallbladder
86
Adrenocortical carcinoma is associated with adrenal hyperfunction in 50% of patients - Cushing's syndrome is most common
Most common cause of Cushing's Syndrome?
Most common cause of Conn's Syndrome?
Adrenocortical carcinoma is associated with adrenal hyperfunction in 50% of patients -
Cushing's syndrome is most common
Most common cause of Cushing's Syndrome?
- Adrenal hyperplasia
Most common cause of Conn's Syndrome?
- Adrenal adenoma
87
DDx for calcified adrenal tumors
* pediatric adrenal tumors that calcify
* neuroblastoma
* ganglioneuroma
* adult adrenal tumors that calcify
* adrenocortical carcinoma
* pheochromocytoma
* ganglioneuroma
* adrenal metastasis
88
Most common location of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma
Most common location of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma
Organ of *_Zuckerhandl_*
89
GIST
* tumor arise from the bowel wall, but grows away from the gut lumen to project into the abdominal cavity
* mm - 30cm
* ulceration, cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, and necrosis are common
* hallmark: *_KIT (CD117) protein_* positive on immunohistochemical stain
* 10-30% are malignant
* risk for malignancy increases when arising outside of stomach, \> 5cm
90
Emphysematous gastritis
E.coli
91
Gastric varices without esophageal varices is a hallmark of ?
Gastric varices without esophageal varices is a hallmark finding of splenic vein thrombosis
92
Most common location of GI lymphoma
vs
Most common location of GI carcinoid tumor
vs
Most common location of small bowel adenocarcinoma
* terminal ileum is the most common location of GI lymphoma
* appendix is the most common location of GI carcinoid
* duodenum is the most common location of small bowel adenocarcinoma
93
Sclerosing mesenteritis
* inflammatory disorder affecting the mesentery of unknown cause
* usually involves the small bowel mesentery but also may affect the mesocolon
* mixture / 3 stages
* mesenteric panniculitis - chronic inflammation
* mesenteric lipodystrophy - fat necrosis
* retractile mesenteritis - fibrosis
94
DDx for cystic mesenteric masses
DDx for cystic mesenteric masses
* mesenteric and omental cystic lymphangiomas
* unilocular, thin-walled, and contain serous fluid
* may contain internal hemorrhage
* cystic mesothelioma
* cystic teratoma
95
DDx for mesenteric neoplasms
DDx for mesenteric neoplasms
* lymphoma - most common
* metastases
* direct spread - carcinoid
* lymphatic flow - bowel malignancy
* hematogenous spread - melanoma, breast cancer
* periteoneal seeding - ovarian, colon cancer
* mesenteric fibromatosis/desmoid tumor
* Gardner's syndrome
* GIST
* sarcoma
96
Division b/t sigmoid colon and rectum
Sigmoid colon becomes the rectum
at the level of the 3rd sacral segment
97
Colorectal carcinoma
* 70% occur in the rectosigmoid junction
* edema may cause thickening of the wall of the colon proximal to the tumor. obstructing colon cancers may cause ischemic colitis *_proximal to the tumor _*
* watch for presacral soft-tissue densities to rule out local recurrence!
98
Acute diverticulitis
with microperforation
b/c most diverticula occur along the *_mesenteric surface_* of the colon, perforation caused by diverticulitis is confined initially to b/t the leaves of the mesocolon
99
"Creeping fat"
fibrofatty proliferation
Crohn's disease
fibrous and fat proliferation separates bowel loops
100
Organisms causing infectious colitis
Organisms causing infectious colitis
* bacteria - shigella, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, staphylococcus
* fungi - histoplasmosis, mucormyocosis, actinomycosis
* virus - herpes, CMV
* parasites - amebiasis
* TB
