Range of Motion

Question 1

Hip Extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position:
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 1

Hip Extension ROM

Position: Prone
Stabilization: ipsilat pelvis to avoid pelvic ant tilt
Fulcrum: G. Trochanter
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the femur
N value: 0-20 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Maintain knee extension throughout motion

Question 2

Knee Extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 2

Knee Extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Distal femur
Fulcrum: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the femur
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the fibula
N value: 135-10 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: put a towel underneath the ankle

Question 3

Hip Flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 3

Hip Flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Pelvis
Fulcrum: G trochanter
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis 
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the femur
N value: 0-120 deg
EF: Firm may also be soft
 * Note: Allow the knee to passively flex

Question 4

Knee Flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 4

Knee Flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Distal femur
Fulcrum: Lateral epicondyle fo the femur
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the femur
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the fibula
N value: 0-135 deg
EF: Soft
* Note: Hold ankle with one hand and anterior thigh with the other; In starting position place towel under ankle

Question 5

Hip Abduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 5

Hip Abduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Pelvis (Iliac crest)
Fulcrum: ASIS
Proximal Arm: one ASIS to the other
Distal Arm: Anterior midline of the femur
N value: 0-45 
EF: Firm
* Note: Starting position of goniometer looks like a 90 deg angle

Question 6

Hip Internal Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 6

Hip Internal Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Distal femur
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of the patella
Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the floor
Distal Arm: Midline of the lower leg
N value: 0-45
EF: Firm
 * Note: Place towel under distal femur

Question 7

Hip External Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 7

Hip External Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Distal femur
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of the patella
Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the floor
Distal Arm: Midline of the lower leg
N value: 0-45
EF: Firm
 * Note: Place towel under distal femur

Question 8

Hip Adduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 8

Hip Adduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Pelvis (Iliac crest)
Fulcrum: ASIS
Proximal Arm: one ASIS to the other
Distal Arm: Anterior midline of the femur
N value: 0-25 (Not AAOS)
EF: Firm
* Note: Starting position of goniometer looks like a 90 deg angle; Abduct contralateral LE for space

Question 9

Thomas Test (to identify one-joint [iliopsoas] or two-joint [rectus femoris] muscle shortness)

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:
Interpretation:

Answer 9

Thomas Test (to identify one-joint [iliopsoas] or two-joint [rectus femoris] muscle shortness)

Procedure: Sitting c thigh and knees off the table. Assist back into supine while flexing hip and knees. In supine bring one LE knee to chest. Passively extend hip and lowering it.
Stabilization: Hip (untested side)
Fulcrum: G trochanter
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the femur
N value: 80 deg of knee flexion = normal
EF: Firm
Interpretation: Normal = If thigh lies flat on the table with knees 80 deg flexed; Rectus Femoris short = If hip lies flat with the knee held in extension; Iliopsoas short = If the hip does not extend while knee held in extension
* Note: Extending the knee causes Rectus femoris to slack or relax

Question 10

SLR Test (to identify one-joint [G. maximus] or two-joint [Biceps femoris] muscle shortness)

Procedure:
Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:
Interpretation:

Answer 10

SLR Test (to identify one-joint [G. maximus] or two-joint [Biceps femoris] muscle shortness)

Procedure: In supine flex the hip while knee is extended. The back should flatten on the table.
Position: Supine
Stabilization: Knee of the tested LE
Fulcrum: G. trochanter
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the pelvis
Distal Arm: Lateral midline fo the femur
N value: 68- 80 deg of hip flexion = normal length
EF: Firm
Interpretation: Normal = 68-80 deg hip flexion; Biceps femoris short = knee flexion can move hip into more flexion; G. Maximus short = amount of hip flexion unchanged after knee flexion
* Note: Flexing the knees cause the Biceps femoris to slack or relax

Question 11

Talocrural joint Dorsiflexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 11

Talocrural joint Dorsiflexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Lateral Malleolus
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of fibula
Distal Arm: Parallel to the lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
N value: 0-20 deg
EF: Firm
 * Note: Push upward at the bottom of the foot

Question 12

Talocrural joint Plantarflexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 12

Talocrural joint Plantarflexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Lateral Malleolus
Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of fibula
Distal Arm: Parallel to the lateral aspect of 5th metatarsal
N value: 0-50 deg
EF: Firm
 * Note: Do note put force on toes only on dorsum of the foot

Question 13

Tarsal joint Inversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 13

Tarsal joint Inversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of ankle midway between the malleloi
Proximal Arm: Anterior midline of the lower leg
Distal Arm: anterior midline of 2nd metatarsal
N value: (0-30 to 0-35 deg; Not AAOS)
EF: Firm

Question 14

Tarsal joint Eversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 14

Tarsal joint Eversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Short sitting
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of ankle midway between the malleloi
Proximal Arm: Anterior midline of the lower leg
Distal Arm: Anterior midline of 2nd metatarsal
N value: (0-15 to 0-20 deg; Not AAOS)
EF: Hard

Question 15

Subtalar joint Inversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 15

Subtalar joint Inversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Prone
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Posterior aspect of ankle midway between the malleloi
Proximal Arm: Posterior midline of the lower leg
Distal Arm: Posterior midline of the calcaneus
N value: 0- 35 deg
EF: Firm

Question 16

Subtalar joint Eversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 16

Subtalar joint Eversion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Prone
Stabilization: Tibia and fibula
Fulcrum: Posterior aspect of ankle midway between the malleloi
Proximal Arm: Posterior midline of the lower leg
Distal Arm: Posterior midline of the calcaneus
N value: 0- 15 deg
EF: Hard

Question 17

Fill in the blanks:

Ankle inversion is a combination of ___, ___, ___

Answer 17

Ankle inversion is a combination of supination, adduction and plantarflexion

Question 18

Fill in the blanks:

Ankle eversion is a combination of ___, ___, ___

Answer 18

Ankle eversion is a combination of pronation, abduction and dorsiflexion

Question 19

1st MTP joint extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 19

1st MTP joint extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Metatarsal
Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the MTP joint
Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the metatarsal
Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
N value: 0-70 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Push the PROXIMAL phalanx not the distal phalanx

Question 20

1st MTP joint flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 20

1st MTP joint flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Metatarsal
Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the MTP joint
Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the metatarsal
Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
N value: 0-45 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Push the PROXIMAL phalanx not the distal phalanx

Question 21

Shoulder flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 21

Shoulder flexion ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine (Hook lying for comfort)
Stabilization: Scapula to prevent posterior tilting, upward rotation and elevation
Fulcrum: Lateral aspect of the greater tubercule
Proximal Arm: parallel to the midaxillary line of the thorax
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the humerus
N value: 0-180 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Palm of the hand faces the body; Extend elbows to reduce Triceps long head tension

Question 22

Shoulder extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 22

Shoulder extension ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Prone
Stabilization: Scapula
Fulcrum: Lateral aspect of the greater tubercle
Proximal Arm: Parallel to the midaxillary line of the thorax
Distal Arm: Lateral midline of the humerus
N value: 0-60 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Palm of the hand faces the body; Slight elbow flexion to reduce Biceps brachii long head tension; Face turned away from the shoulder tested

Question 23

Shoulder abduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 23

Shoulder abduction ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Trunk
Fulcrum: Anterior aspect of the acromion process
Proximal Arm: Parallel to anterior midline of sternum
Distal Arm: Anterior midline of the humerus
N value: 0-180 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Palm faces anteriorly

Question 24

Shoulder Internal Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: 
Stabilization:
Fulcrum:
Proximal Arm:
Distal Arm:
N value:
EF:

Answer 24

Shoulder Internal Rotation ROM. Provide the ff:

Position: Supine
Stabilization: Distal end of the humerus
Fulcrum: Olecranon process
Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the floor
Distal Arm: Ulna 
N value: 0-70 deg
EF: Firm
* Note: Palms facing posteriorly; place a towel under the distal humerus

Question 25

Shoulder External Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 25

Shoulder External Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Supine Stabilization: Distal end of the humerus Fulcrum: Olecranon process Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the floor Distal Arm: Lateral aspect ulna N value: 0-90 deg EF: Firm * Note: Palms facing posteriorly; place a towel under the distal humerus ```

Question 26

Elbow flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 26

Elbow flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Supine Stabilization: Humerus Fulcrum: Lateral epicondyle Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of humerus Distal Arm: Lateral aspect of the radius N value: 0-150 deg EF: Soft * Note: Put a rolled towel under the distal humerus; Maintain FA in supination c palm facing anteriorly ```

Question 27

Elbow extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 27

Elbow extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Supine Stabilization: Humerus Fulcrum: Lateral epicondyle Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of humerus Distal Arm: Lateral aspect of the radius N value: 150-0 deg EF: Hard * Note: Put a rolled towel under the distal humerus; Maintain FA in supination c palm facing anteriorly ```

Question 28

Forearm pronation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 28

Forearm pronation ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Distal end of humerus Fulcrum: Lateral and proximal to the ulnar styloid process Proximal Arm: parallel to the anterior midline of humerus Distal Arm: Dorsal surface of the forearm proximal to the ulnar styloid process N value: 0-80 deg EF: Hard * Note: Flex elbows to 90 deg; maintain UE close to the body; Starting position palms face the body (midway between supination and pronation)

Question 29

Forearm supination ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 29

Forearm supination ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Distal end of humerus Fulcrum: Medial and proximal to the ulnar styloid process Proximal Arm: parallel to the anterior midline of humerus Distal Arm: Ventral surface of the forearm proximal to the ulnar styloid process N value: 0-80 deg EF: Firm * Note: Flex elbows to 90 deg; maintain UE close to the body; Starting position palms face the body (midway between supination and pronation)

Question 30

Wrist flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 30

Wrist flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Radius and ulna Fulcrum: Lateral aspect over the Triquetrum Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the ulna Distal Arm: Lateral midline of 5th metacarpal N value: 0-80 deg EF: Firm * Note: Palms facing posteriorly; Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90 deg; Alternative is the dorsal aspect

Question 31

Wrist extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 31

Wrist extension ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Radius and ulna Fulcrum: Lateral aspect over the Triquetrum Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the ulna Distal Arm: Lateral midline of 5th metacarpal N value: 0-70 deg EF: Firm * Note: Palms facing posteriorly; Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90 deg; Alternative is the palmar aspect

Question 32

Wrist radial deviation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 32

Wrist radial deviation ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Radius and ulna Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect over capitate Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the forearm Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the 3rd metacarpal N value: 0-20 deg EF: Hard * Note: Palms facing posteriorly; Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90 deg; Alternative is the palmar aspect

Question 33

Wrist ulnar deviation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 33

Wrist ulnar deviation ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Radius and ulna Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect over capitate Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the forearm Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the 3rd metacarpal N value: 0-30 deg EF: Hard * Note: Palms facing posteriorly; Shoulder abducted and elbow flexed to 90 deg; Alternative is the palmar aspect

Question 34

MCP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 34

MCP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Metacarpal Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of MCP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the metacarpal Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx N value: 0-90 deg EF: Hard

Question 35

MCP Extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 35

MCP Extension ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Metacarpal Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of MCP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the metacarpal Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx N value: 0-45 deg EF: Firm * Note: Alternative: same landmarks just palmar aspect (should not be used if there is swelling or hypertrophy)

Question 36

PIP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 36

PIP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Proximal phalanx Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the PIP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the middle phalanx N value: 0-100 deg EF: Hard

Question 37

DIP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 37

DIP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Sitting Stabilization: Middle phalanx Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the DIP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the middle phalanx Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the distal phalanx N value: 0-90 deg EF: Firm * Note: Maintain PIP in 90 deg flexion ```

Question 38

Thumb CMC Flexion (Alternative) ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 38

Thumb CMC Flexion (Alternative) ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Radius and ulna Fulcrum: Palmar aspect of the CMC joint Proximal Arm: Parallel to distal wrist crease (imaginary line between pisiform and trapezium) Distal Arm: Ventral midline of the first metacarpal N value: 0-15 deg EF: Soft * Note: Allow slight flexion of MCP and IP joints; ROM is the difference between the degrees of the beginning and end position. (I.e 35-15 deg is 0-20 deg)

Question 39

Thumb CMC Abduction ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 39

Thumb CMC Abduction ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Carpals and 2nd metacarpals Fulcrum: Lateral aspect of the scaphoid Proximal Arm: Lateral midline of the 2nd (index) metacarpal Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the 1st metacarpal N value: 0-70 deg EF: Firm

Question 40

How do you usually measure Thumb CMC opposition?

Answer 40

Linear Distance: using a ruler measure the shortest distance between tip of thumb to center of proximal digital crease of the little finger Total Opposition Test (TOT): 10-stage ordinal scale

Question 41

Thumb MCP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 41

Thumb MCP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: 1st Metacarpal Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of MCP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the metacarpal Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx N value: 0-50 deg EF: Hard * Note: Position forearm in full supination

Question 42

Thumb IP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 42

Thumb IP Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Proximal phalanx Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the IP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the distal phalanx N value: 0-80 deg EF: Firm * Note: Position forearm in full supination

Question 43

Thumb IP Extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 43

Thumb IP Extension ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting Stabilization: Proximal phalanx Fulcrum: Dorsal aspect of the IP joint Proximal Arm: Dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the distal phalanx N value: 0-20 deg EF: Firm * Note: Position forearm in full supination

Question 44

Cervical Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 44

Cervical Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting with back supported; feet flat on the floor; hand on thighs Stabilization: Shoulder girdle or sternum Fulcrum: over the External auditory meatus Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the ground Distal Arm: Base of the nares N value: 0-45 deg EF: Firm *Note: AROM: ask pt to tuck the chin and bend head; PROM: Place on hand at back of head and the other on the chin then push and pull respectively

Question 45

Cervical Extension ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 45

Cervical Extension ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting with back supported; feet flat on the floor; hand on thighs Stabilization: Shoulder girdle and chest Fulcrum: over the External auditory meatus Proximal Arm: Perpendicular to the ground Distal Arm: Base of the nares N value: 0-45 deg EF: Firm * Note: AROM: ask pt to tuck the chin and look up as far as you can without moving trunk; PROM: Place on hand at back of head and the other on the chin then push upward and posteriorly

Question 46

Cervical Lateral Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 46

Cervical Lateral Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting; feet flat on the floor; hand on thighs Stabilization: Shoulder girdle and chest Fulcrum: Spinous process of C7 Proximal Arm: Spinous process of thoracic vertebra Distal Arm: Dorsal midline of the head N value: 0-45 deg EF: Firm * Note: AROM: try to touch the ear without moving the head PROM: Hold the top & side of the head and and contralateral shoulder

Question 47

Cervical Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: N value: EF: ```

Answer 47

Cervical Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting with back supported Stabilization: Shoulder girdle and chest Fulcrum: Center of cranial aspect of the head Proximal Arm: Parallel to an imaginary line between acromion processes Distal Arm: Tip of the nose N value: 0-60 deg EF: Firm * Note: AROM: Rotate the head by turning the chin toward shoulder without moving the trunk PROM: Hold the chin and rotate head turning chin towards the shoulder (stabilize contralateral shoulder)

Question 48

Thoracolumbar flexion (Tape Measure) ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Landmarks: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 48

Thoracolumbar flexion (Tape Measure) ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Standing with knees straight Stabilization: Pelvis Landmarks: Spinous process of T1 and S2 (PSIS) Procedure: Slowly bend forward with feet shoulder width apart and knees straight N value: 10 cm (4") EF: Firm * Note: Alternative is fingertip-to-floor: knees straight with feet together measure the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the floor

Question 49

Thoracolumbar Extension (Tape Measure) ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Landmarks: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 49

Thoracolumbar Extension (Tape Measure) ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Standing with knees straight Stabilization: Pelvis Landmarks: Spinous process of T1 and S2 (PSIS) Procedure: Slowly bend backward the spine as fas as possible with feet shoulder width apart and knees straight N value: ? EF: Firm * Note: Alternative is prone pushup with pelvis strapped onto table take measurement of sternal notch to the table (Not applicable for UE muscle weakness)

Question 50

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 50

Thoracolumbar Lateral Flexion ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Standing with feet shoulder width apart Stabilization: Pelvis Fulcrum: Spinous process of S2 Proximal arm: Perpendicular to the ground Distal arm: Spinous process of T1 Procedure: Bend to one side while sliding the palm down without pelvic tilting N value: 0-35 deg EF: Firm * Note: Alternative is fingertip-to-floor: against a wall measure distance of tip of middle finger to the floor; Fingertip-to-thigh: mark the thigh in starting position then mark at end of ROM the measure

Question 51

Thoracolumbar Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Fulcrum: Proximal Arm: Distal Arm: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 51

Thoracolumbar Rotation ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Sitting without back support feet flat Stabilization: Pelvis Fulcrum: Center of the cranial aspect of the head Proximal Arm: Parallel to an imaginary line between the iliac crests Distal Arm: Parallel to an imaginary line between the acromion processes Procedure: turn the body to one side as far as possible with trunk erect and feet flat N value: 0-45 deg EF: Firm

Question 52

Lumbar Flexion: Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST) ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Landmarks: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 52

Lumbar Flexion: Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST) ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Standing Stabilization: Pelvis Landmarks: Mark the S2 (PSIS) and 15 cm above Procedure: Bend as far as possible while knees straight N value: ? EF: Firm

Question 53

Lumbar Extension: Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST) ROM. Provide the ff: ``` Position: Stabilization: Landmarks: Procedure: N value: EF: ```

Answer 53

Lumbar Extension: Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST) ROM. Provide the ff: Position: Standing Stabilization: Pelvis Landmarks: Mark the S2 (PSIS) and 15 cm above Procedure: Bend backward as far as possible while knees straight with feet shoulder width apart N value: ? EF: Firm