Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(253 cards)
1
Q
hyperflexible joines, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
marfan’s
2
Q
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
alport’s
3
Q
Most common cause of neural tube defects
A
folate deficiency
4
Q
most common cause of congenital malformations in the US?
A
EtOH use
5
Q
most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
A
fetal alcohol syndrome
6
Q
unilateral facial droop involving the forehead
A
bell’s palsy (cn 7)
7
Q
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
A
horner’s syndrome
8
Q
“worst headache of my life”
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
9
Q
Lucid interval following head trauma
A
epidural hemorrhage
10
Q
Bloody CSF on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
11
Q
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
A
rupture of bridging veins
12
Q
most common cause of epidural hematoma
A
temporal bone fx
middle meningeal artery rupture
13
Q
treatment for absence seizures
A
ethosuxamide
14
Q
treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
A
phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine
15
Q
amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
A
senile plaques (alzheimer’s disease)
16
Q
drooling farmer
A
organophosphate poisoning
17
Q
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
A
a-antagonist
18
Q
selective a1 antagonist used to treat BPH
A
tamsulosin
19
Q
continuous machinery-like heart murmur
A
PDA
20
Q
“boot-shaped heart”
A
tetralogy of fallot (or RVH in adult)
21
Q
Rib notching
A
coarctation of the aorta
22
Q
most common congenital anomaly
A
VSD
23
Q
most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
A
tetralogy of fallot
24
Q
bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
A
aortic regurgitation
25
bone enlargement,bone pain, arthritis
paget's disease of the bone
26
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
27
positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
28
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoarthritis
29
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
rheumatoid arthritis
30
cartilage erosions with polished bone beneath
osteoarthritis
31
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout/podagra
32
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout
33
negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals
gout
34
bamboo spine on xray
ankylosing spondylitis
35
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies
36
anti-smith and anti-ds DNA antibodies
SLE
37
anti-histone anitbodies
drug induced lupus
38
Anti-cetromere antibodies
CREST scleroderma
39
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
(aka Scl-70)
| diffuse systemic scleroderma
40
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies
polymyositis
41
Anti-Ro antibodies
Sjogrens syndrome
42
Facial rash and raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
SLE
43
Arthritis, drymouth, dry eyes
Sjogrens syndrome
44
most common cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephritis/nephropathy
45
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
46
most common malignant skin tumor
basal cell carcinoma
47
most common cancer in men
prostate cancer
48
most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
49
most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
PDE5 inhibitor (ie/sildenafil)`
50
dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
koilocytes (HPV infection)
51
diethystilbestrol (DES) exposure
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
52
most common tumor in women
leiomyoma
53
most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
cervical cancer
54
chocolate cyst of the ovary
endometriosis
55
most common benign ovarian tumor
serous cystadenoma
56
most common malignant ovarian tumor
serous cystadenocarcinoma
57
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies
| granulosa-theca cell tumors
58
most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Trisomy 21 (downs)
59
Second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X
60
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, and cystic hygroma
Turners (XO)
61
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and jaw
Trisomy 18 (Edwards)
62
Most common cancer in women in the US
breast
63
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
64
most common malignant breast tumor
invasive ductal carcinoma
65
blue dome cyst in the breast
non-proliferative fibrocystic change
66
treatment for ER(+) breast cancer
tamoxifen
67
red, itchy, swollen rash on the areola and nipple
Paget's disease of the breast
68
branching, filamentous gram (+) rods with sulfer granules
actinomyces israelii
69
most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
70
most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones
proteus mirabilis (then staph)
71
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
penicillin
72
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
73
a non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
chancre of primary syphilis
74
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condyloma lata of secondary syphilis
75
large bull's eye rash
erythema migrans due to lymes disease
76
calcified granuloma in the lung, plus hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex
77
Back pain, fever, night sweats and weight loss
Pott's disease
78
standard treatment regimen for TB
```
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
"RIPE"
```
79
Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (Job syndrome)
80
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak Higashi disease
81
Toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski reflex
82
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone and positive babinski sign
UMN lesion
83
hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy
LMN lesion
84
depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson's
85
chorea, dementia and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
Huntington's
86
eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
lewy bodies
87
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear opthalmoplegia (MLF lesion)
88
degeneration of the dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis
89
demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
90
mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
91
Newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb's palsy
92
most common cause of dementia
alzheimers disease
93
second most common cause of dementia
muti-infarct/vascular dementia
94
extracellular amyloid deposits in the grey matter
alzheimer's disease
95
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
alzheimer's disease
96
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
Pick bodies (FTD)
97
Dysphagia, glossitis and iron deficiency anemia
Plummer vinson syndrome
98
Hematemesis with retching
mallory weiss tear
99
mucin-filled cell wit ha peripheral nucleus
signet ring cell
100
most common type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
101
ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
krukenberg tumor
102
gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
zollinger ellison syndrome
103
acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
cushing ulcer
104
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
curling ulcer
105
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy and hyperpigmentation
Whipple's disease
106
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliaden/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease
107
vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
folic acid
108
Most common surgical emergency
appendicitis
109
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign
110
most common cancer of the appendix
carcinoid tumor
111
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Puetz Jeghers syndrome
112
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner's syndrome
113
"Apple core" lesion on barium enema
colon cancer
114
most common site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
115
"string sign" on contrast x-ray
Crohn's disease
116
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
Ulcerative colitis
117
Painless jaundice
pancreatic adenocarcinoma (esp in head w/ painless jaundice)
118
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
gallstones
| EtOH
119
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
EtOH abuse
120
Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler Najjar syndrome, type 1
121
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert Syndrome
122
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
Fatty liver disease
123
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
124
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
125
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd Chiari
126
Green/yellow corneal deposits
Kayser Fleischer rings (wilson's disease)
127
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's
128
Cirrhosis, diabetes and hyperpigmentation
Hemochromatosis
129
chronic sinusitits, infertility and situs inversus
Kartagener's
130
Elevated D-dimers
PE, DVT
131
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
132
Blue bloater
hypoxemia, hypercapnea (chronic bronchitis)
133
Pink puffer
dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)
134
Curschmann's spirals
shed epithelium from mucus plugs (asthma)
135
most common cause of pulmonary hypertension
COPD
136
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
137
vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
goodpastures or wegeners
138
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpastures
139
honeycomb lung on x-ray
interstitial fibrosis
140
"tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
birbeck granules (langerhans histiocytosis)
141
iron containing nodules in the alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
142
lung cancer associated with SIADH
small cell
143
Tumor associated with horner syndrome
pancoast tumor
144
Chest pain, pericarial friction rub, and persistent fever ocurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler syndrome
145
splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
infective endocarditis
146
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth Spots (infetive endocarditis)
147
Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
Mitral
148
Heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
Tricuspid
149
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
150
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
left atrial myxoma
151
most common primary cardiac tumor in children
rhabdomyoma
152
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
US: lupus
| Developing countries: TB
153
cold, pale painful digits
Raynaud's phenomenon
154
c-ANCA
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegeners)
155
p-ANCA
microscopic poly angiitis & churg strauss
156
Treatment for Buerger disease
smoking cessation
157
treatment for temporal arteritis
high dose steroids
158
most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
group B strep
159
most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
s. pneumo, n. meningitidis
160
most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
s. pneumo
161
osteomyelitis in an IV drug user
s. aureus, pseudomonas
162
osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
salmonella
163
most common reportable STD
chlamydi
164
non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
primary syphilis
165
painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, with exudate
chancroid
166
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
Bacterial vaginosis (clue cells)
167
Common treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
168
Common treatment for trichomonas
metronidazole
169
Common treatment for chlamydia
doxycycline or azithromycin
170
Common treatment for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
171
a boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
172
Orotic acid in the urine + elevations in serum ammonia
OTC deficiency (uric acid cycle ddefect)
173
Orotic acid in the urine + NO elevations in serum ammonia
Orotic acidurea
174
Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12
Orotic acidurea
175
most common medicaiton for ADHD
methylphenidate
176
most common medication for bulimia nervosa?
SSRIs (fluoxetine)
177
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
178
Most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
Alcoholics anonymous
179
Atrohpy of the mamillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
180
Treatment for central DI
desmopressin
181
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
182
Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
183
Glomerulonephritis plus pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
| Goodpasture syndrome
184
red cell casts
acute glomerulonephritis
185
waxy casts
chronic renal failure
186
thyroid like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis
187
most common renal tumor
renal cell carcinoma
188
most common type of renal stone
calcium stones
189
type of renal stone associated with proteus vulgaris
struvite stones
190
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
Lead poisoning (bruton's lines)
191
Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
192
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes and spots on the skin
scurvy
| Vitamin C deficiency
193
Most common vitamin deficiency in the US?
folate deficiency
194
hypersegmented neutrophils
B12 or folate deficiency
195
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
```
Wet Beriberi
(Thiamine/B1 deficiency)
```
196
Most common tumor of the adrenal
Benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma
197
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
pheochromocytoma
198
Most common tumor of the adrenal (children)
neuroblastoma
199
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal adenoma
200
medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone or eplerenone
201
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
non-selective alpha blocker
202
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN2A
203
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuromas
MEN2B
204
Adrenal disease assoicated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison's disease
205
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
206
Most common thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
207
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
208
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
papillary cancer of the thyroid
209
most common cause of hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
210
most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
211
most common casue of secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
212
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
accidental parathyroidectomy
213
facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
chvostek's sign
214
parathyroid, pancreatic and pituitary tumors
MEN1
215
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
heparin or LMWH
216
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
warfarin
217
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
218
Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency
thalassemia
lead poisoning
219
Hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
220
skull x-ray shows a "hair on end" appearance
marrow hyperplasia
221
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
222
Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes, with hemolytic anemia
Cold AutoImmune hemolytic anemia
223
Red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
224
Basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs
Howell-Jolly Bodies
225
Autosplenectomy
Sickle Cell disease
226
Drug used to treat sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea
227
antiplatelet antibodies
ITP
228
Bleeding disorder with GP1b deficiency
Bernard soulier s/o
229
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
vonwillebrand disease
230
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8 infection)
231
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
232
Owl's eye inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
233
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
Type A Cowdry bodies (HSV & CMV)
234
Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
Parvovirus B19
235
Child with a fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to his body
Parvovirus B19
236
Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis and diffuse rash
measles (rubeola)
237
Small irregular blue gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
Koplik spots
| measles
238
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kapsois sarcoma
239
Large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
240
Treatment for CMV
ganciclovir
241
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
PCP
242
Drug used to prevent pneumocystis pneumonia
TMP-SMX
243
Treatment for oral candidiasis
nystatin, fluconazole
244
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV pts
penumocystic jirovecii
245
Prophylaxis for cryptococcus in AIDS pts
Fluconazole
246
Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS pts
TMP-SMX
247
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
Immunocompetent: fluconazole
Immunocomprimised: amphoteracin B, echinocandin
248
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole, potassium iodide
249
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV patient
toxoplasma gondii
250
Treatment for trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
251
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia
252
most common helminth infection in the US
enterobius vermicularis
253
second most common helminth infection in the US
acaris lumbricoides
