Rapid Fire Facts

Question 1

What microorganism causes leprosy?

Answer 1

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 2

What microorganism causes pulmonary TB like symptoms in COPD patients?

Answer 2

Mycobacterium kansasii

Question 3

What microorganism causes cervical lymphadenitis in children?

Answer 3

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Question 4

What microorganism causes disseminated disease in AIDS patients?

Answer 4

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) or the

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Question 5

What microorganism causes hand infection in aquarium handlers?

Answer 5

Mycobacterium marinum

Question 6

What are the 4 obligate aerobes?

Answer 6

Nagging pests must breathe:

• Nocardia
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Bacillus

Question 7

What are the 3 obligate intracellular organisms?

Answer 7

Rickettsia, chlamydia, and Coxiella

Question 8

What are the 8 encapsulated organisms?

Answer 8

Please SHiNE SKiS!
Pseudomona 
Strep pneumo 
Hemophilus influenzae 
Neisseria
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Group B strep (agalactiae GBS)

Question 9

Patients with asplenia have decreasing opsonizing ability and thus need vaccines to protect against:

Answer 9

N meningitis
S pneumoniae
H influenzae

Question 10

What are the 8 urease positive organisms?

Answer 10

Pee CHUNKSS
Proteus
Cryptococcus 
H pylori
Ureaplasma 
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S epidermidis 
S saprophyticus

Question 11

What are the 10 CATALASE positive organisms?

Answer 11

Nocardia
Listeria
Staphylococci
Aspergillus 
Cándida
H Pylori
Pseudomonas 
E Coli
Serratia 
B cepacia

Question 12

These organisms produce pigments... what colors are they:
Actinomyces israelii- 
S aureus - 
P aeruginosa - 
Serratia marcesscens -

Answer 12

Actinomyces israelii- yellow sulfur
S aureus - gold
P aeruginosa - green
Serratia marcesscens - Red

Question 13

What organism’s toxins are more prone to undergo Specialized Transduction?

—> viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome and when replicating, the cell will lyse, releasing phage capsid and can infect other bacteria.

Answer 13

Strep toxin A
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Shiga toxin

Question 14

What are the 4Ds of botulism?

Answer 14

Diplopia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Dyspnea

Question 15

What is the clinical name for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli? What is its most famous complication? How is it differentiated from other E. coli?

Answer 15

O157:H7 - MC serotype in US: undercooked meat, raw leafy vegetables.
Shiga-like toxin

Complication-hemolytic-uremic Syndrome: triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.

Cannot ferment sorbitol

Question 16

Patient presents with: facial nerve palsy (typically bilateral), arthritis, cardiac block, erythema migrans. what microorganism is most likely involved? What stage is this, and what is the treatment?

Answer 16

Lyme disease- Borrelia burgdorferi. This is the 2nd Stage.

1st Stage: bullseye rash (not always), and flu-like symptoms.

3rd Stage: Encephalopathy, and chronic arthritis

TX: doxycycline (1st line); amoxicillin and cefuroxime in pregnancy and children.

Question 17

What is the classic triad of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

Answer 17

Headache, fever, and rash (vasculitis).

Question 18

What infections show rash on the palms and soles?

Answer 18

Coxsackievirus A (hand, foot, and mouth disease), Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever, and 2* Syphilis.

Question 19

What are the 4 clinical characteristics of H. Influenzae and what is the radiologic imaging sign??

Answer 19

HaEMOPhilus influenzae

Epiglottis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia.

Question 20

What are the 4 clinical features of malaria???

Answer 20

Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

Question 21

The ixodes tick is a reservoir for what 2 infections??

Answer 21

Babesiosis (fever and hemolytic anemia, found in east coast) and Lyme disease. Often can coinfect in humans.

Question 22

Nematode routes of infection: which are ingested?

Answer 22

EATTT!

Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, Trichuris

Question 23

Nematode routes of infection: which are cutaneous?

Answer 23

SAN

Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necantor

Question 24

Nematode routes of infection: which are bites?

Answer 24

LOW:

Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 25

What are the ToRCHeS infections?? What do they cause? CF: congenital malformations, hepatomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation

Answer 25

Toxoplasmosis - transmitted by cat feces-chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications. Other (parvoB19-hydrops fetalis in utero, edema), Rubella-PDA, cataracts, deafness (blueberry muffin rash) CMV- unilateral hearing loss, seizures, (toxoplasma symptoms), HSV-temporal lobe encephalitis, HIV infection- prevention Zidovudine, HAART, C-section Syphilis-congenital malformations

Question 26

In HIV, gp160 gets cleaved to form two envelope glycoproteins. What are the functions of gp120 and gp41?

Answer 26

Gp120 - attachment to host CD4+ T cell. Gp41 - provides fusion and entry.

Question 27

What diseases are seen with a CD4+ count <500/mm3?

Answer 27

Cándida albicans EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia) HHV-8 (Kaposi Sarcoma) HPV (squamous cell carcinoma, on anus or cervix)

Question 28

What diseases are seen with a CD4+ count <200/mm3?

Answer 28

``` Considered AIDS: Histoplasma capsulatum HIV Dementia JC virus reactivation Pneumocystis jirovecii ```

Question 29

What diseases are seen with a CD4+ count <100/mm3?

Answer 29

``` Aspergillus Bartonella Candida CMV Cryptococcus Cryptosporidium EBV Mycobacterium Avium Complex Toxoplasma Gondii ```

Question 30

What are the common causes of pneumonia: 4wk - 18yr

Answer 30

``` Viruses (RSV) Mycoplasma C trachomatis C pneumoniae (school age children) S pneumoniae ```

Question 31

What are the common causes of pneumonia: 18-40 y/o?

Answer 31

Mycoplasma C pneumoniae S pneumoniae Viruses (influenza)

Question 32

What are the common causes of pneumonia: 40-65 y/o?

Answer 32

``` S pneumoniae H influenzae Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma ```

Question 33

What are the common causes of pneumonia: Elderly

Answer 33

``` S pneumoniae Influenza virus Anaerobes H influenzae Gram (-) Rods ```

Question 34

What are the 3 obligate anaerobes?

Answer 34

Clostridium tetani Actinomyces Bacteroides

Question 35

What is the classic treatment for anaerobes?

Answer 35

Metronidazole | Clindamycin

Question 36

What is being described: Hepatosplenomegaly, elevated LFTs Hemolytic Anemia, jaundice Rash followed by desquamation of hands and feet Snuffles (blood-tinged nasal secretions) Radiographic changes at birth: metaphyseal dystrophy and periostitis

Answer 36

Congenital syphilis If untreated after first 3 months of life: Saddle nose, frontal bossing, Hutchinson teeth, and saber shins (anterior bowing of the tibia)

Question 37

What microorganism should you think of when you hear: | Lymphadenopathy + new kitten

Answer 37

Bartonella

Question 38

What microorganism should you think of when you hear: | Dog bite

Answer 38

Pasteurella multocida

Question 39

What microorganism should you think of when you hear: | Ixodes tick

Answer 39

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 40

What microorganism should you think of when you hear: | Pet prairie dog

Answer 40

Yersinia pestis

Question 41

What are the main structural genes in the HIV genome?

Answer 41

gag, env, and pol

Question 42

What does the gag gene code for in HIV?

Answer 42

It codes for p24 capsid protein | And p17 for matrix protein

Question 43

What does the env gene code for in HIV?

Answer 43

It codes for the gp120 and gp41

Question 44

What does the pol gene code for in HIV?

Answer 44

It codes for the Reverse transcriptase and integrase

Question 45

What receptor is used for infection in parvovirus B19?

Answer 45

P antigen on RBC

Question 46

What receptor is used for infection in Rhinovirus?

Answer 46

ICAM-1