Rapid Review - Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial antibodies)
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochrondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type 3 hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
12
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic [M3] type)
14
Q
Bacitracin sensitive
A
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
15
Q
Bacitracin resistant
A
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfxnal spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
21
Q
Branching gram positive rods w/ sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion & cause Horner’s syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
A
Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's sprials (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement & hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: presdisposes to cervical CA)
35
Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owls eye" appearance of CMV
36
Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (papillary CA of the thyroid)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
39
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
40
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)
41
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
42
Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
43
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ & w/out embryo)
46
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
HIgh level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
50
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
51
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
53
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
54
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome
55
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
56
Increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
57
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop & thiazide diuretics
58
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (abestosis: increased chase of mesothelioma)
60
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
61
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
62
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's syndrome
64
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG & C3b)
66
Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
67
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
68
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA); monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging); Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; primary amyloidosis
69
Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
70
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x ray
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
71
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) & necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis w/ polyangitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA positive) & Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
72
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
73
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
74
Novobiocin sensitive
Staphylococcus epidermidis
75
Novobiocin resistant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
76
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
77
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
78
Optochin sensitive
Streptococcus pneumonia
79
Optochin resistant
Viridans streptococcus
80
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteromyelitis)
81
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child w/ neprhotic syndrome)
82
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) & Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
84
Psamomma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium & ovary
85
Pseudopalisating tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
87
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
89
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
90
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
91
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
92
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, assoc. w/ EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
93
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
94
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
95
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
96
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
97
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
98
"Tennis racket" shaped cytosplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
99
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
100
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (H. infleunzae)
101
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
102
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alocholic or metabolic syndrome)
103
"Waxy" casts w/ very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
104
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
105
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
106
"Wireloop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
107
Yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (due to subarachnoic hemorrhage)
