Rapid Review - Set 04 - Sheet1

Question 1

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

Answer 1

Fanconi’s syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)

Question 2

Positive anterior “drawer sign”

Answer 2

ACL injury

Question 3

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 Ps)

Answer 3

Lichen planus

Question 4

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Answer 4

Horner’s Syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

Question 5

Pupil accomodates but doesn’t react

Answer 5

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

Question 6

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection

Answer 6

Guillan-Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

Question 7

Rash on palms and soles

Answer 7

Coxsackie A, Secondary Syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Question 8

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

Answer 8

Hyper IgE Syndrome (Job’s Syndrome: Neutrophil Chemotaxis Abnormality)

Question 9

Red currant jelly sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

Answer 9

Klebsiella pneumonia

Question 10

Red currant jelly stools

Answer 10

Adults: acute mesenteric ischemia; Children: Intussusception

Question 11

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

Answer 11

Paget’s Disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)

Question 12

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

Answer 12

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 13

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

Answer 13

von-Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

Question 14

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

Answer 14

Parkinson’s disease (Nigrostriatal DA depletion)

Question 15

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Answer 15

Roth’s spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Question 16

Severe jaundice in neonate

Answer 16

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 17

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

Answer 17

Rovsing’s sign (acute appendicitis)

Question 18

Severe RLQ with rebound tenderness

Answer 18

McBurney’s Sign (appendicitis)

Question 19

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

Answer 19

Fanconi’s Anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

Question 20

Single palmar crease

Answer 20

Simian crease (Down syndrome)

Question 21

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiecstasis, infertility (immobile sperm)

Answer 21

Kartagener’s syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

Question 22

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

Answer 22

Addison’s disease (Primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increased alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone production)

Question 23

Slow, progressive, muscle weakness in boys

Answer 23

Becker’s muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne’s)

Question 24

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

Answer 24

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

Question 25

Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals

Answer 25

Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

Question 26

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

Answer 26

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 27

Strawberry tongue

Answer 27

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

Question 28

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

Answer 28

Turner Syndrome (45, XO)

Question 29

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

Answer 29

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

Question 30

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

Answer 30

Scurvy (Vit. C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)