Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Family Aspects( Paeds) > Rashes > Flashcards

Rashes Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the causative agent for Measles ( Rubeola)

A

Paramyxovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is Measles transmitted?

A

It is transmitted by droplets of respiratory secretions or via airborne route and is extremely contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incubation period for Measles?

A

8-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Measles?

A

Thee C’s
* Cough
* Coryza
* Conjunctivitis
* Koplik spots ( grey-white, sand grain- sized spots)
* Stimson line
* High fever
* Macular rash ( petechial or haemorrhagic ( Black Measles)
* Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the rash begin in Measles patients?

A

Head ( often the hair line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the spread of the Measle Rash on the skin?

A

Cephalad - to - Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the laboratory studies used to diagnose Measles?

A

Serologic testing for IgM antibodies that appear 1-2 days of the rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the possible differentials for Measles?

A
  • Rubella
  • Roseola
  • Enteroviral or Adenoviral infection
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Meningiococcemia
  • Scarlet fever
  • Rickettsial disease
  • Kawasaki disease
  • Serum - sickness
  • Drug rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Routine Treatment for Measles?

A
  • Adequate hydration
  • Antipyretics
  • High- dose Vitamin A ( for 2 days )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some complications that can occur due to Measles?

A
  • Otitis Media ( Most common)
  • Interstitial (measles) Pneumonia
  • Giant cell ( Hecht pneumonia) - immunocompromised patients
  • Myocarditis
  • Mesenteric lymphadenitis
  • Encephalomyelitis
  • Early encephalitis
  • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ( SSPE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given ?

A

12 months & 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is another name for Rubella?

A

German Measles or 3- day measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is the onset of Rash for Measles?

A

14 days after infection ( 7-21)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the family of viruses that the German measles belongs to?

A

Togavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the incubation for Postnatal rubella?

A

16-18 days ( range 14-21)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Rubella?

A
  • Lymphadenopathy ( Retroauricular, Post cervical , Posterior Occipital)
  • Erythematous ,maculopapular , discrete rash
  • Forchheimer spots ( Rose - coloured spots on the soft palate)
  • Mild pharyngitis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Anorexia
  • Headache
  • Malaise
  • Low-grade fever
  • Polyarthritis ( Usually on hands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the laboratory diagnosis for Rubella?

A

Serology testing for IgM antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the differentials for Rubella?

A
  • Measles
  • Roseola
  • Enterovirus
  • Mononucleosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Scarlet fever
  • Rickettsial disease
  • Kawasaki disease
  • Serum sickness
  • Drug rash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which disease is known as the Sixth disease?

A

Roseola Infantum ( Exanthem subitem )

’ sub = six’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the causative agent for Roseola?

A

Human Herpesvirus Type 6 & 7 ( HHV 6 & 7)

” Rose has herpes”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Roseola?

A
  • High fever
  • Maculopapular , rose- coloured rash ( lasts 1-3 days)
  • Upper respiratory symptoms ( nasal congestion, erythematous tympanic membranes , cough ( may occur)
  • Febrile seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can Roseola be diagnosed?

A

PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the treatment for Roseola?

Study These Flashcards
A

Adequate hydration
Antipyeretics

24
Q

What are complications of Roseola?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Encephalitis
  • Virus- Hemophagocytosis syndrome
25
Which rash is called the Fifth disease?
Erythema Infectiosum
26
What is the causative agent for Erythema Infectiosum?
Human Parvovirus ( B19)
27
Fill in the blanks. " Parvovirus B19 can cause __________ & __________ after infection during Pregnancy."
Fetal anaemia & Hydrops Fetalis
28
What is the cell receptor for Parvovirus B19 ?
Erythrocyte P antigen
29
How is Erythema infectiosum transmitted?
By respiratory secretions & Blood product transfusions
30
What is the Incubation period for Erythema Infectiosum?
4-14 days
31
What are the Clinical Manifestations for t Parvovirus B19 infections?
* Fever * Malaise * Myalgia * Headache * Rash
32
When does the rash appear in the Parvovirus B-19 infections?
7-10 days after infection
33
What are the Clinical Manifestations for Erythema Infectiosum?
* Low grade or no fever * Pharyngitis * Mild conjunctivitis * Myalgia ( adults) * Rash ( may be Pruritic and DOES NOT desquamate) * Arthralgias * Arthritis * Headache * Pharyngitis * Coryza * GIT upset
34
What are the three stages in which the Fifth disease rashes appear?
1. Initial stage- " Slapped-Cheek " rash. 2. Second stage- Erythematous symmetric, maculopapular, truncal rash appearing 1-4 days later. 3. Lacy, reticulated rash last (2-40 days - mean 11 days).
35
What are the Haematological abnormalities that can occur with Parvovirus infections?
* Reticulocytopenia lasting 7-10 days * Mild anaemia * Thrombocytopenia * Lymphopenia * Neutropenia
36
How can one detect Parvovirus B19 infection on Laboratory studies?
* PCR * Electron Microscopy of Erythroid Precursors in bone marrow
37
What are the differentials for Fifth Disease?
Measles Rubella Scarlet Fever Enteroviral or Adenoviral infection IM Kawasaki disease SLE Serum sickness Drug reactions
38
What is the treatment for Erythema Infectiosum?
* Blood Transfusions * IV Immunoglobulin for immunocompromised.
39
What is the causative agent for Chicken Pox ?
Varicella - Zoster virus
40
What is the clinical manifestation of a reactivated latent infection of Endogenous Varicella Zoster Virus ( VZV)?
Zoster ( Shingles)
41
What is the incubation period for Varicella?
14-16 days
42
What are the Clinical Manifesttaions of Varicella ?
* Fever * Malaise * Anorexia * Rash ( small red papules that progress to nonumbilicated, oval, tear-drop like vesicles on an erythramatous base) * Acute neuritis * Lymphadenopathy * Ramsay- Hunter syndrome ( facial paralysis and ear canal vesicles) ( only when CN VII is involved) * Corneal and intraoral lesions ( CNV involvement) * Ipsilateral cerebral angiitis * stroke NB. The fluid progresses from clear to cloudy and the vesicles ulcerate, crust and heal.
43
How can Chickenpox be laboratory diagnosed?
PCR of vesicular fluid Immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies
44
What are the differentials for Chicken Pox?
* Eczema herpeticum ( Kaposi varicelliform eruption) - localized , vesicular eruption caused by HSV * Coxsackievirus A ( vesiculopustular appearance to the extremities and oropharynx)
45
What are the treatment methods for those with Chicken Pox?
* Non-aspirin Antipyretics * Cool baths * Careful hygiene * Early therapy with antivirals ( immunocompromised) * Acyclovir or Valacyclovir - those at risk for severe varicella ( unvaccinated persons older than 12 , chronic cutaneous disease, pulmonary diseases, those receiving short term corticosteroids or long term salicylate therapy.
46
What is the most common complication of Chicken pox?
Secondary infection of skin lesion by Streptococci or staphylococci
47
What are other complications of Chicken Pox?
* Pneumonia ( uncommon in healthy children ) * Myocarditis * Pericarditis * Orchitis * Hepatitis * Ulcerative gastritis * Glomerulonephritis * Arthritis * Reye syndrome * Post infectious encephalitis * Cerebellar ataxia * Nystagmus * Tremor * Guillian - Barre syndrome * Transverse myelitis * Cranial nerve palsies * Optic neuritis * Hypothalamic syndrome
48
When is the Varicella vaccine given?
12 months + 6 weeks later 4-6 years
49
What is the Causative agent for Scarlet Fever?
Group A Streptococcus ( Strep Pyogenes)
50
What are the diseases that can predispose Scarlet fever?
* Streptococcal pharyngitis * Toxic shock syndrome * Necrotizing fasciitis
51
What is the Incubation period for Scarlet fever?
2-5 days.
52
How is Scarlet fever transmitted?
Respiratory Secretions and droplet or by self- infection from nasal carriage.
53
What are the Clinical manifestations of Scarlet fever?
* Fever * Vomitting * Abdominal Pain * Sore Throat * Sandpaper- like diffuse rash in the neck and chest area * Perioral pallor spreading to flexor creases ( Pastia's lines) * Exudative tonsillitis * Uvular oedema * Strawberry Tongue * Palatal petechiae * Cervical lymphadenopathy
54
What are the laboratory investigations for Scarlet fever?
Throat swab Culture and Growth of the organism individual Serum : Antistreptolysin O (ASO) and anti-DNase B titres
55
What is the treatment for Scarlet Fever?
Penicillin V for 10-14 days Isolation for 24 hours
56
What are the complications of Scarlet Fever?
Peritonsillar abscess Retropharyngeal abscess Post- Streptococcal glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
57

Family Aspects( Paeds) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions