Rashes Flashcards

Question

rubella

Answer 1

incubation 14-23d prodrome: none or mild fever before the rash rash: none or for 1-3d a pink macular rash on the face/trunk. itchy otherwise well mild disease sub-occipital lymphadenopathy infectivity: 7d before to 5d after rash transmission: resp droplet or direct contact ``` complications: in-utero - congenital rubella syndrome: deafness, cataracts, cardiac abnormalities, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, purpura 30% mortality 25% if exposure in first 4 months 60-80% in first month rarely encephalitis at 10d ```

Answer 2

parvovirus B19 slapped cheek rash lace-like patterned rash (might be itchy) more severe in adults, with arthritis and lymphadenopathy benign course and rare complications transient marrow depression and rarely aplastic crisis dangerous in pregnancy (5% anaemia and miscarriage)

Answer 3

children between 6 months-3 years high fever rash appears after fever subsides 3 day fever

Answer 4

``` small and medium vessel vasculitis mnemonic: Warm CREAM diagnosis: Warm - fever >5d plus 4 of: Conjunctivitis - bilateral, non-purulent Rash - erythematous, maculopapular or mobilliform Erythema - palms and feet, with swelling Adenopathy, cervical -1 unilateral node Mucous membrane - dry, red strawberry tongue ``` complications: coronary artery aneurysm, myocarditis - so do an echo

Answer 5

herpes zoster itchy highly infectious, 14-16d post exposure vesicular rash on red background starts on trunk, spreads to face and limbs macules, vesicles, papules, pustules present at once, finally crusting over Tx: antipyretics, antihistamines, calamine lotion, systemic antiviral for immunocompromised lifelong immunity but can recur as shingles

Answer 6

neisseria meningitidis meningitis, septicaemia or both high mortality and morbidity serotype C included in immunisation regime, B to start this year early recognition and Tx vital - ben pen/cefotaxime ABC assessment and resus prophylaxis for contacts eg rifampicin, ciprofloxacin

Answer 7

staph a, beta haem strep highly infectious primary of complicated with other conditions eg eczema vesicles or bullae surrounded by narrow margin of erythema vesicles/bullae rupture to release thin cloudy yellow fluid, which dries to from yellow crusts usually around nose and mouth stay off school until lesions are crusted and healed, or 48h after starting ABx Tx: topical fusidic acid or mupirocin, oral flucloxacillin

Answer 8

immunologically mediated precipitated by mycoplasma infection or drugs (sulphonamides, penicillin) target lesions (purple centre, erythematous ring) steven-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 9

cause: coxsackie viral infection features: low grade fever, headache, vesicles on hands and feet lasting 3-10days (can be widespread) mouth lesions - yellow ulcers with red borders can be complicated by aseptic meningitis management: supportive

Answer 10

``` begins 2-3 months on cheeks extensor surfaces flexures (antecubital, popliteal) improves 3-5yo pruritis FHx higher risk of atopy at later stage ```

Answer 11

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a rare condition causing vasculitis rash and joint and tummy pain HSP can affect people of any age, but the majority of cases occur in children under 10 blood vessels throughout the body become irritated and swollen, which can cause problems such as bleeding into the skin (resulting in a rash) and occasionally problems affecting the kidneys and bowel HSP is not usually serious and most cases get better within a few weeks complications tend to involve the kidneys eg haematuria, proteinuria, HTN and oedema

Answer 12

purpura - usually on the buttocks, around the elbows and on the legs, and sometimes also on the face and upper body arthropathy in the knees and ankles, which can also become swollen, tender and warm abdo pain, which can develop suddenly before the rash appears HSP can also cause some other symptoms, including passing blood in your urine or stools, vomiting and diarrhoea The condition is often associated with a previous infection so you or your child may initially have symptoms of an infection as well, such as a fever and feeling generally unwell

Answer 13

``` immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) autoimmune disorder in which the number of circulating platelets is reduced due to their increased destruction, and sometimes also due to reduced production ```

Answer 14

In ITP, otherwise normal platelets are destroyed, most often in response to an unknown stimulus. This may occur in isolation (primary ITP) or in association with other disorders (secondary) Causes of secondary ITP include: Other autoimmune disorders (including antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus) Viral infections (including cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster, hepatitis C and HIV) Infection with Helicobacter pylori Medication Lymphoproliferative disorders

Rashes Flashcards

(38 cards)