RAT Quiz 1 Flashcards
- Fogler Reading - Tyson Reading (28 cards)
Bertchers’ definition of ‘group’
Groups change over time in an evolutionary process whereby an aggregate or gathering of individuals may become transformed by organisation first into a group, then into a team
What is an ‘aggregate’?
A crowd, number of people sitting in a waiting room, interacting very little unlikely to meet again in same combo
What are the 2 processes that underly group development?
1) TASK: Group engages in a goal-oriented activity
2) MAINTENANCE: Striving for good social relations & state of wellbeing
When is a group said to be a team? (4 things)
The group shows:
- effective work procedures
- high productivity
- sense of cohesion
- satisfying relations between members
What does ‘team’ imply?
At least a mature role structure & advanced level of performance
What does ‘life-cycle’ of the group mean?
When groups come into existence, develop, mature & eventually die
What does ‘Schutz’ model of group development show? (3 principals)
There are 3 principal concerns:
- Inclusion (who is in & out)
- Control (who is dominant & submissive)
- Affection (who is intimate & distant)
What principles did Hartford (social worker) show?
Showed the processes that happen before a group meets for the first time
- “The former are of particular importance in shaping the members’ prior expectations of the group and the mood in which they will arrive at the first meeting”
What are the patterns of group behaviour?
- Pre-group: interaction may or may not take place, building fantasies of what the group is like
- Forming: dependent (support & guidance) + tentative (discovering what behaviours are acceptable in the group)
- Storming: uneven interactions e.g. fighting & pecking order emerges
- Norming: when the group weathers storming phases & successfully handles conflict, tolerant of differences, members less dependent on leaders
- Performing: members ‘get on with job’, given fulfilling roles to enable them to achieve productivity
- Termination: checking goal achievement, departure, make plans for future, applying lesson learnt
What are the 2 important qualifications of group development?
- Progression is irregular with periods of stagnation/intermittent reludes e.g. a stage lasting a month in one instant or hour in another
- Transition from what stage to another is usually gradual rather than sharp
Briefly outline Woodcocks 4 stage model of group maturation:
Stage 1 - Undeveloped Team
Stage 2 - Experimenting Team: (members show willingness to engage in team activities)
Stage 3 - Consolidating Team
Stage 4 -Mature Team
Why are the developmental models useful?
Each model offers an understanding & insight into groups, not about if the model is right or wrong
Drucker’s argument for conflict:
‘The understanding that underlies the right decision grows out of the clash and conflict of opinions and out of the serious consideration of competing alternatives’
What are the 5 basic methods of managing conflict? (3C’S 2A’S)
- Coercion
- Accomodation
- Avoidance
- Compromise
- Collaboration
Define coercion, it’s use & disadvantage:
Use:
- To win goals even at the other person’s expense e.g. emergencies
Disadvantage:
- Conflict can erupt into open violence
Define accomodation, it’s use & disadvantage:
Use:
- individuals neglect own needs to satisfy those of others e.g. by self-sacrifice, when continued competition can damage cause
Disadvantage:
- self-worth may feel diminished
Define avoidance, it’s use & disadvantage:
Use:
- Individual doesn’t address conflict, postponing, when an issue is unimportant
Disadvantage:
- May increase opponents frustration
Define compromise, it’s use & disadvantage:
Use:
- find mutually-acceptable solution to satisfy both party’s goals, to achieve temporary settlements in complex matters
Disadvantage:
- both sides may have low commitment to implementing the solution
Define collaboration, it’s use & disadvantage:
Use:
- delving into an issue with another party to make a creative solution for both so neither is a loser, active-listening, clear communication
Disadvantage:
- large amounts of time & energy
Most effective conflict-resolution process:
Collaboration
What is critical thinking?
The process we use to recognize underlying assumptions, scrutinise arguments & interpret accuracy of information
What is structured critical reasoning (SCR)?
A critical thinking algorithm used to analyze a document, preposition or problem solution
What is socratic questioning?
A way to ask the right questions in order to distinguish the real problem from the stated/perceived problem
What must you identify in an SCR analysis?
- Conclusions
- Evidence
- Assumptions
- S&W of each assumption
- Fallacies in logic
