Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 1

Greek and Roman _____ philosophers said: people are disturbed not by things, but by the …

Answer 1

stoic; view which they take of them

Question 2

Alfred Adler invented the S-O-R theory, which is…

Answer 2

stimulus - organism - response
- not just environment then response, but filtered through lens that people are perceiving it/meaning we give to stimulus

we determine ourselves by the meanings we give to situations

Question 3

what happened in Ellis’s childhood that was out of the ordinary in that time?

Answer 3

parent’s divorced

Question 4

reindoctrinate

Answer 4

reversion back into own ways, active process (moving forwards in ways that puts you in the same situation)

Question 5

number one issue of REBT

Answer 5

people make irrational demands of themselves, others and the world, setting themselves up for distress

Question 6

why does Ellis believe REBT is the best therapy?

Answer 6

brief in time
goal is to get person out of therapy quickly

Question 7

3 characteristics of theory of personality for REBT

Answer 7

physiological

psychological

social

Question 8

theory of personality for REBT: physiological

Answer 8

all humans born with innate tendencies to have desire or want

hardwired to want things and when we don’t receive wants, reaction is to condemn self, others and world

temperament: demandingness to desire, born with capacity to develop rational thought

Question 9

theory of personality for REBT: social

Answer 9

we are social beings, often too much emphasis places on what others think of us

lead to belief of how we can accept ourselves if others accept us (can lead to distress)

Question 10

theory of personality for REBT: psychological

Answer 10

people needlessly upset themselves, stemming from irrational beliefs

irrational vs. rational

Question 11

irrational vs rational beliefs

Answer 11

r:
- possibility

i:
- extremeness
- something becomes absolute
- these demands with not be met
- holding these beliefs will cause distress as it will not be met

Question 12

how distress develops (A-B-C)

Answer 12

Activating event
- ex) I did my job poorly

Belief (important for distress)
- ex) I must always be perfect, and if I’m not it’s horrible

Consequence
- ex) depression

Question 13

how does reindoctrination work with A-B-C

Answer 13

the consequence becomes the activating event!

ex. “depression” becomes “I feel depressed and worthless”

Question 14

cycle for reindoctrination

Answer 14

condemn self for poor performance

feel guilty or depressed

condemn self for guilt and depression

condemn self for condemning self

condemn self for seeing disturbance and not changing it

condemn self for needing help and going to therapy

repeating process!

Question 15

we are born with the potential to be __________ or __________

Answer 15

rational; irrational

Question 16

irrational thinking is exacerbated by ___ and ______ ______

Answer 16

culture; social groups

Question 17

5 examples of irrational thinking

Answer 17

should

must/”musterbation”
- people constantly “musting” (ex. angry when getting cut off in traffic, saying “everyone must follow rules” or “people must act fairly”

ought

I need

awful

Question 18

what are 3 characteristics centered around “think” for REBT

Answer 18

emote

perceive

behave

Question 19

Ellis said what about distress/basic personality theory of REBT?

Answer 19

humans largely create their own distress

Question 20

does Ellis think the past or present is more crucial?

Answer 20

present!

Question 21

what are “simple exclamatory sentences”?

Answer 21

a rational thought followed by an irrational one

ex. I don’t like my actions, therefore I am a terrible person

Question 22

what is the therapeutic relationship like in REBT?

Answer 22

active (therapist talks a lot)

directive

confrontational (warmth is not necessary)

Question 23

what does unconditional acceptance look like in REBT?

Answer 23

Self
- recognize and appreciate own value as humans, not = to self-esteem

Others
- accepting of other fallible humans (“others will behave in ways I do not like but we accept flaws of others”)

World
- can’t have life without pain
- life comes with pleasure and suffering, demands/desires/wants won’t always be met

Question 24

demandingness

Answer 24

causes distress

temporary “solutions” provide relief but do not fix demandingness

Question 25

types of "solutions" that don't fix demandingness

Answer 25

satisfaction of demands - demands are sometimes met distraction - ex. kids throwing tantrums, use distraction to ease distress - adult examples are substance abuse, screen time, procrastination, etc. magic and mysticism - want something tp be all better/"magic pill" to feel better - ex. demanding therapist to fix everything that is wrong

Question 26

goals of REBT

Answer 26

**correct demandingness** - recognize shoulds, oughts, and musts - give up perfectionism **develop high frustration tolerance** - being able to adapt to adversity/tolerate frustration - accept reality, even when grim - not getting rid of negative emotions - catastrophizing (is what you think is going to happen really that bad

Question 27

unhealthy/maladaptive negative emotions and their healthy/adaptive negative emotion counterparts

Answer 27

jealousy --> disappointment anxiety --> concern rage --> annoyance depression --> sadness guilt --> regret low frustration tolerance --> frustration

Question 28

optimal therapy characteristics for REBT

Answer 28

time and effort - as quick as possible with as little effort symptom reduction - people should get better quickly lasting results - fix/end cycle of reindoctrination generalizable

Question 29

REBT helps clients acquire a more ____, ________ philosophy of life

Answer 29

realistic; tolerant

Question 30

what methodology is employed for REBT

Answer 30

active-directive-persuasive-philosophical

Question 31

what other therapy was persuasive?

Answer 31

existentialism

Question 32

REBT: address musts

Answer 32

role play - overly dramatize, blow it up to a large proportion for them to see what they are saying through role play humor - people lose humor when serious about something, making joke about demands can help client see absurdity unconditional acceptance - to demand perfection is irrational strong disputing - actively persuade people to give up irrational thinking, dispute what was stated by patient

Question 33

4 experimental exercises for REBT

Answer 33

take risks - do the thing client sees as scary and awful - helps distinguish between preferences and absolute demands (where and when there is give!) seek pleasure - possible to have (+) and (-) emotions simultaneously - (-) emotion = go find (+) stay in poor circumstances - doing nothing is a choice take on hard tasks - help see world can be uncomfortable, to demand otherwise is irrational - OK to struggle through something

Question 34

A-B-C-D to dispute irrational beliefs in REBT

Answer 34

Identify A, B, and C Ask: does this serve me? Does this belief make things better for you/help you? Dispute - irrational (awfulizing, absolutist) beliefs Admit and face - own role in reindoctrination

Question 35

how to dispute/change irrational beliefs

Answer 35

challenge patients to defend them (argue "convince me why this is true") demonstrate logical fallacies show why irrational beliefs do not work reduce irrational beliefs to absurdity

Question 36

review Ellis's interview with Gloria

Answer 36

what a man

Question 37

treatment modality for REBT

Answer 37

individual therapy group therapy - helps to see where others are irrational than ourselves, can help someone see their own irrational behavior workshops marriage and family therapy self-help

Question 38

2 mechanisms of therapy for REBT

Answer 38

patient beliefs - irrational, getting rid of them therapist approach - empathy without sympathy

Question 39

evidence base for REBT

Answer 39

activity-oriented homework - can drive treatment outcomes, more engagement in homework been shown to drive outcomes

Question 40

cultural considerations for REBT

Answer 40

cultural beliefs - don't dispute culture, but dispute conforming with culture - if deviation with culture becomes rational or irrational unconditional acceptance members of minority cultures - choice to maintain beliefs, assimilate, or accept criticism