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ray optics Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

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2
Q

True or False: Light travels in straight lines.

A

True

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3
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The refractive index is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a _____ medium.

A

given

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5
Q

What is the formula for calculating the refractive index (n)?

A

n = c/v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium.

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6
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

The phenomenon when light is completely reflected within a medium and does not pass into a second medium.

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7
Q

What are the two types of lenses?

A

Convex lenses and concave lenses.

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8
Q

True or False: A convex lens converges light rays.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the focal point of a lens?

A

The point where parallel rays of light either converge or appear to diverge after passing through the lens.

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10
Q

What is the principal focus of a convex lens?

A

The point at which light rays parallel to the principal axis converge after refraction.

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11
Q

Define the term ‘optical center’ of a lens.

A

The point on the lens axis where light rays pass through without being refracted.

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12
Q

What is the lens formula?

A

1/f = 1/v - 1/u, where f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The power of a lens is the measure of its _____ to converge or diverge light.

A

ability

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14
Q

What is the unit of power of a lens?

A

Diopter (D)

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15
Q

True or False: A concave lens diverges light rays.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the sign convention used in lens formula?

A

The object distance is taken as negative if the object is on the same side as the incoming light.

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17
Q

What does a positive focal length indicate about a lens?

A

It indicates that the lens is a convex lens.

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18
Q

What does a negative focal length indicate about a lens?

A

It indicates that the lens is a concave lens.

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19
Q

What is the magnification formula for lenses?

A

m = h’/h = -v/u, where m is magnification, h’ is the height of the image, and h is the height of the object.

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20
Q

True or False: The image formed by a concave lens is always virtual.

A

True

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21
Q

What is a ray diagram?

A

A graphical representation of the path that light rays take through optical devices.

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22
Q

What is the critical angle in optics?

A

The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.

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23
Q

What is the formula for critical angle (C)?

A

C = sin⁻¹(n2/n1), where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: A _____ mirror reflects light to form an image.

A

concave

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25
What type of image does a concave mirror produce when the object is beyond the center of curvature?
Real, inverted, and diminished.
26
What type of image does a concave mirror produce when the object is between the focus and the mirror?
Virtual, upright, and enlarged.
27
What is the difference between real and virtual images?
Real images can be projected on a screen, while virtual images cannot.
28
What is a convex mirror used for?
To provide a wider field of view, commonly used in rearview mirrors.
29
True or False: The image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual and upright.
True
30
What is the mirror formula?
1/f = 1/v + 1/u, where f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.
31
What is the significance of the focal length of a mirror?
It determines the curvature and the nature of the image formed.
32
Fill in the blank: The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident ray and the _____ line.
normal
33
What type of lens is used in a magnifying glass?
A convex lens.
34
True or False: Light is refracted when it passes from air into water.
True
35
What is the phenomenon of dispersion?
The separation of light into its component colors due to different degrees of refraction.
36
What is a spectrum?
The band of colors produced when white light is dispersed.
37
What is the order of colors in the visible spectrum?
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.
38
Fill in the blank: The _____ lens is thicker at the center than at the edges.
convex
39
What does the term 'chromatic aberration' refer to?
The failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point.
40
True or False: A prism can change the direction of light.
True
41
What is the angle of a prism?
The angle between the two plane surfaces of the prism.
42
What is Snell's law?
n1 sin(θ1) = n2 sin(θ2), where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices and θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction.
43
Fill in the blank: The focal length of a convex lens is _____.
positive
44
What happens to light rays that pass through the focal point of a convex lens?
They emerge as parallel rays.
45
What is a virtual image?
An image that cannot be projected on a screen and appears to be located behind the lens or mirror.
46
True or False: A real image is always inverted.
True
47
What is the purpose of a lens in a camera?
To focus light onto the film or sensor.
48
What is the effect of increasing the object distance on the image size in a concave mirror?
The image size decreases.
49
What is the significance of the principal axis of a lens?
It is the line that passes through the center of the lens and the focal points.
50
What is a simple magnifying glass?
A convex lens used to produce a magnified virtual image of an object.
51
Fill in the blank: The refractive index of air is approximately _____.
1
52
What is the relationship between the object distance and the image distance in a concave lens?
The image distance is always negative.
53
What does a diverging lens do to parallel rays of light?
It spreads them apart.
54
True or False: The image formed by a convex lens can be either real or virtual depending on the object's position.
True
55
What is the term used for the path of light as it passes through different media?
Ray path.
56
What is the relationship between the focal length and the distance of the object from the lens?
The closer the object is to the lens, the larger the image formed.
57
Fill in the blank: A _____ mirror always forms a virtual image.
plane
58
What is the effect of a positive power lens on light?
It converges light rays.
59
What happens during the process of refraction?
Light changes speed and direction when it enters a different medium.
60
True or False: Lenses can only be made of glass.
False
61
What is a biconvex lens?
A lens that is curved outward on both sides.
62
What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?
Virtual and upright.
63
What does the term 'focus' refer to in optics?
The point where light rays converge or appear to diverge.
64
Fill in the blank: The distance from the optical center to the focus of a lens is called the _____ length.
focal
65
What is the primary function of optical instruments?
To manipulate light to form images.
66
What is the effect of changing the wavelength of light on refraction?
Different wavelengths refract at different angles, causing dispersion.
67
True or False: The image distance can be negative for a real image.
False
68
What is the purpose of a corrective lens?
To correct vision by altering the path of light entering the eye.
69
What kind of image does a convex lens produce when the object is at infinity?
A real, inverted, and diminished image.
70
Fill in the blank: The critical angle depends on the _____ index of the two media.
refractive
71
What is an optical device that uses lenses to magnify small objects?
A microscope.
72
What is the relationship between the object distance and the image size in a convex lens?
As the object distance decreases, the image size increases.
73
True or False: Total internal reflection can only occur when light travels from a denser to a rarer medium.
True

physics (2 decks)

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