RBC 2 (Tesse) Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is hemolysis
the destruction of rbcs, releasing hemoglobin
what is intravascular hemolysis
occurs when complement is activated due to antibodies on RBC surface, resulting in a MAC that destroys the RBC
what is intravascular hemolysis characterized by
ghost cells, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria, hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubinuria
what is extravascular hemolysis
RBCs are flagged as abnormal by the immune system and are phagocytosed by macrophages in spleen, liver or bone marrow. Can be triggered by foreign or self antigens on the RBC surface
what is extravascular hemolysis characterized by
hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubinuria and a LACK OF HEMOGLOBINEMIA/HEMOGLOBINURIA (bc the hgb is recycled by the body)
What are the 4 most common causes of hemolytic anemia
IMHA
Oxidative damage
INfectious agents
RBC fragmentation injury
What is characteristic of IMHA on cbc chem + smear
spherocytes, polychromatophils/reticulocytes, hyperbilirumbinemia/bilirubinuria, inflammatory leukogram, agglutination, ghost cells, thrombocytopenia
how do you confirm IMHA
coombs test for agglutination
What is characteristic of hemolysis via oxidative damage
heinz bodies
eccentrocytes
How do heinz bodies arise
oxidative damage to hemoglobin
how do eccentrocytes arise
oxidative damage to cell membrane
what are common agents of oxidative damage in dogs
onion, garlic, acetominophen
what are common agents of oxidative damage in cats
onion, acetominophen
what are common agents of oxidative damage in cattle
brassica spp, onion
what are common agents of oxidative damage in horses
wilted red maple leaves, onion
what are common agents of oxidative damage in sheep
copper toxicity
What are common infectious agents that cause hemolysis
Mycoplasma sp (cats, dogs, cattle, llamas)
Anaplasma marginale (cattle)
Babesia sp (cattle, horses, dogs)
Leptospira, clostridium , equine infectious anemia virus, FeLV
What are common causes of RBC fragmentation
DIC
hemangiosarcoma
vasculitis
What is RBC fragmentation characterized by on smear
Schizocytes, keratocytes, acanthocytes
