RBC disorder

Question 1

Major division
1. Vit B12 deficiency
2. folic acid deficiency

Answer 1

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 2

decrease amount of cells in all cell lines

Answer 2

Pancytopenia

Question 3

function: ileum

Answer 3

absorption

Question 4

function: adenosylcobalamin

Answer 4

liver, storage

Question 5

function: castle’s factor

Answer 5

intrinsic factor

Question 6

function: methylcobalamin

Answer 6

plasma

Question 7

function: transcobalamin

Answer 7

transporter

Question 8

only vitamin synthesized by microorganism

Answer 8

cobalamin

Question 9

caused by D. latum

Answer 9

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 10

associated with pernicious anemia

Answer 10

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 11

associated with hypochlorhydria

Answer 11

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 12

other name of pernicious anemia

Answer 12

addison’s anemia or atrophy gastritis

Question 13

pernicious anemia produces a yellow lemon color of the skin and has been called as

Answer 13

megaloblastic madness

Question 14

caused by failure of the gastric mucosa to secrete intrinsic factor

Answer 14

pernicious anemia

Question 15

intrinsic factor is present or low at number to facilitate the absorption of cobalamin

Answer 15

pernicious anemia

Question 15

intrinsic factor is present or low at number to facilitate the absorption of cobalamin

Question 16

there is a problem in the absorption of cobalamin but the intrinsic factor is normal

Answer 16

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome

Question 17

Diagnosis of Cobalamin deficiency (4)

Answer 17

1. schilling test
2. serum cobalamin assay
3. methylmalonic acid and homocysteine assays
4. deoxyuridine suppression test

Question 18

what is absorbed in the jejunum

Answer 18

folate

Question 19

how is folate deficiency corrected

Answer 19

taking vitamin B12 supplementation

Question 20

folate acid deficiency causes

Answer 20

1. chronic alcoholics
2. poor dietary
3. pregnancy
4. steatorrhea

Question 21

vitamin B12 deficiency = __ B12, __ serum folate, __ red cell folate

Answer 21

↓ B12, NORMAL serum folate, ↓ red cell folate

Question 22

Folic acid deficiency = __ B12, __ serum folate, __ red cell folate

Answer 22

NORMAL B12, ↓ serum folate, ↓ red cell folate

Question 23

deficiency of both folic and vitamin b12 deficiency = ?

Answer 23

everything is low

Question 24

manifest macro-ovalocytes and giant hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 24

megaloblastic anemia

Question 25

autosomally rcessive inherited defect

Answer 25

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrom

Question 26

"shift reticulocyte"

Answer 26

non-megaloblastic anemia

Question 27

(type of macrocyte) seen in folic acid deficiency, vit b12 deficiency, pernicious anemia

Answer 27

oval macrocyte

Question 28

(type of macrocyte) seen in alcoholism, hypothyroidism, and liver disease

Answer 28

round hypochromic macrocyte

Question 29

(type of macrocyte) seen in neonate response to anemic stress, response to anemic stress

Answer 29

blue-tinged macrocyte

Question 29

(type of macrocyte) seen in neonate response to anemic stress, response to anemic stress

Answer 29

blue-tinged macrocyte

Question 30

marrow replacement by involvement with abnormal cells or tissue components

Answer 30

myelophthisic anemia

Question 31

associated with normochromic and normocytic, increased NRBC

Answer 31

myelophthisic anemia

Question 32

bone marrow does not produce any blood cells

Answer 32

aplastic anemia

Question 33

associated with pancytopenia, macrocytosis, increase RDW, chloramphenicol

Answer 33

aplastic anemia

Question 34

medication that commonly cause aplastic anemia

Answer 34

chloramphenicol

Question 35

inherited aplastic anemia, automal recessive, increased level of Hgb F and i antigen

Answer 35

Fanconi's anemia

Question 36

associated with parvo virus B19 infection, scattered GIANT pronormoblast in bone marrow, not aplastic anemia

Answer 36

Transient aplastic crises

Question 37

not aplastic anemia, but pure red cell aplasia

Answer 37

Transient aplastic crises

Question 38

congenital red cell aplasia

Answer 38

diamond blackfan anemia

Question 39

there is pancytopenia wherein all the cell lines are affected

Answer 39

Fanconi's anemia

Question 40

only the red cells are affected

Answer 40

diamond blackfan anemia

Question 41

blood lost over a short time

Answer 41

acute posthemorrhagic anemia

Question 42

blood lost in small amounts over a extended t time

Answer 42

chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

Question 43

increase red blood cell destruction

Answer 43

hemolytic anemia

Question 44

1. patient's rbc would not survive when transfused to normal patient 2. defect of rbc itself 3. membrane, metabolic, and hemoglobin defects

Answer 44

intrinsic hemolytic anemia

Question 45

1. life span of rbc decrease, if transfused into the patient 2. acquired

Answer 45

extrinsic hemolytic anemia

Question 46

1. hemoglobinemia 2. methemalbuminemia 3. hemoglobnuria 4. hemosiderinuria 5. ↑ LDH

Answer 46

INTRAVASCULAR

Question 47

1. hemoglobinemia 2. hemoglobnuria 3. ↑ urine/fecal urobilinogen 4. ↑ blood carboxyhemoglobin level 5. ↑ indirect-reacting serum

Answer 47

EXTRAVASCULAR

Question 48

80-90% of most red cell destruction happens in

Answer 48

extravascular

Question 49

site of destruction of erythrocyte (intravascular)

Answer 49

within blood cell

Question 50

site of destruction of erythrocyte (extravascular)

Answer 50

spleen or liver

Question 51

mechanism (intravascular)

Answer 51

activation of complement lgM of lgG

Question 52

mechanism (extravascular)

Answer 52

cell-mediated phagocytosis of lgM or lgG-coated cells

Question 53

laboratory findings (intravascular)

Answer 53

1. hemoglobinuria direct antiglobulin test 2. hemosidenuria

Question 54

laboratory findings (extravascular)

Answer 54

1. postive direct antiglobulin test 2. erythrocytes

Question 55

1. most prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia (northern european descent) 2. deficiency of key membrane protein: SPECTRIN 3. increased osmotic fragility

Answer 55

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 56

hyperpermeable to sodium, increasing osmotic fragility

Answer 56

spherocytosis

Question 57

1. horizontal defect 2. weakening of membrane skeleton 3. southeast asian ovalocytosis

Answer 57

hereditary elliptocytosis

Question 58

red cell fragment at 45°C to 46°C

Answer 58

hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

Question 59

1. well-defined BAND 3 molecular deletion 2. increased resistance to malaria 3. malenasian and malayan population

Answer 59

southeast asian ovalocytes

Question 60

thinner variant of elliptocytes or ovalocytes

Answer 60

pencil cells/oat cells

Question 61

red cell dehydration due to loss of cation, predominantly K+ and water

Answer 61

hereditary stomacytosis

Question 62

1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia 2. decrease osmotic fragility

Answer 62

xerocytosis

Question 62

1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia 2. decrease osmotic fragility

Answer 62

hereditary xerocytosis

Question 63

1. increased surface-to-volume ratio leading to moderate to severe anemia 2. decrease osmotic fragility