RCC TEAS SCIENCE Flashcards by Julie Flegal-Smallwood

Substance with a pH less than 7

Acid

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Minimum energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction

Activation Energy

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Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens

Active Immunity

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Movement across a cell membrane that travels against the concentration gradient and thus requires energy

Active Transport

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A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen

Adaptive Defense

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A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body

Adaptive Immune System

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A measure of how well dissimilar particles or surfaces cling to one another

Adhesiveness

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A gland above the kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions

Adrenal

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A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that increases reabsorption of sodium ions

Aldosterone

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A specific copy of a gene

Allele

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An immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen

Allergies

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Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

Alveoli

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Monomers that make up proteins

Amino Acids

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Stage in mitosis in which the chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles and cell division begins

Anaphase

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Stage in meiosis I in which homologous chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

Anaphase I

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Stage in meiosis II in which sister chromatids separate an move to opposite ends of the cell

Anaphase II

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Standard positioning of the body as standing: feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward

Anatomical Position

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A secretion that acts to restore blood volume and blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, stimulating thirst, and stimulating production of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Angiotensin II

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A negatively charged ion

Anion

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The relaxed muscle in the pair of muscles that is involved in a given movement

Antagonist

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A defense that employs B cells to create antibodies that tag pathogens for later destruction; also known as humoral immunity

Antibody-mediated Immunity

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A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen

Antibody

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A secretion from the pituitary gland that increases the amount of water able to be reabsorbed from a collecting duct

Antidiuretic hormone

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A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces

Antigen-presenting cell

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Substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them to the body as being native or foreign

Antigens

A substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the host

Antimicrobial

The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled

Anus

Accessory structures of the dermis that are in physical association with hair follicles, producing a secretion with an odor (possibly a sex pheromone to humans)

Apocrine Sweat Gland

Portion of the skeleton that is made up of our appendages - bones of arms, legs, hands, feet

Appendicular Skeleton

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward other body parts

Arteries

A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing

Asthma

Fundamental constituent of matter that retains the properties of an element; smallest unit that has a unique identity

Atom

Sum of masses of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element

Atomic Mass

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Atomic Number

Pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen

Autoimmune Disease

Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions including breathing and heart rate

Autonomic nervous system

Portion of the skeleton consisting of the skull, ribs, sternum, and spinal column

Axial skeleton

Nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body

Axon

Unicellular organisms that are capable of causing disease

Bacteria

Lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens

B Cells

Point of articulation that allows for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation (hip socket for example)

Ball and Socket Joint

A substance with a pH greater than 7

Base

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

Bolus

Soft material within spongy bone and medullary cavity of long bones

Bone Marrow

Hard, calcified material that makes up the skeleton

Bone

A cup-like structure that surrounds and collects filtrate from the glomerulus

Bowman's Capsule

A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones

Brittle Bone Disease

The main passageways directly attached to the lungs

Bronchi

Small passages in lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

Bronchioles

A solution of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid; help maintain proper pH of the body

Buffer

Microscopic canals in ossified bone

Canaliculi

Small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange

Capillaries

Sugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose

Carbohydrates

Involuntary muscle found in the heart

Cardiac Muscle

System comprised of the heart and blood vessels

Cardiovascular System

Tough, flexible connective tissue found in parts of the body such as the ear

Cartilage

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur

Catalyst

A positively charged ion

Cation

A type of adaptive immunity in which T lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissue, or cells that contain pathogens

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A cell organelle that maintains its environment through the property of selective permeability

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created

Cell

Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement

Cellular Functions

Part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord and acts as the command center for all communication and actions across the body

Central Nervous System

Accessory structures that produce ear wax

Ceruminous Glands

Passage that forms the lower part of the uterus

Cervix

Mathematical expression of a chemical reaction

Chemical Equation

One of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the cell cycle

Chromatid

Structure made of protein and one molecule of DNA that contains genetic information

Chromosome

A semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to small intestine

Chyme

Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids

Codons

Tendency of similar molecules to stick to each other or group together

Cohesion

Primary structural protein of connective tissue

Collagen

Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm

Commensal Microorganisms

Bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone

Compact (Dense) Bone

Molecule of RNA or a strand of DNA synthesized from a complementary template strand

Complementary Strand

A substance made of two or more elements

Compound

Quantity of a solute in a given quantity of solution

Concentration

Process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in a muscle

Contraction

Condition that is kept the same in an experiment

Controlled Variable

Chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms

Covalent Bond

Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels in the dermis that reduces blood flow through the skin

Cutaneous Vasodilation

Genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infections

Cystic Fibrosis

Cells signaling molecules released primarily by helper T-cells and macrophages

Cytokines

Material within a eukaryotic cell that supports an suspends structures inside the cell membrane and transfers materials required for cellular processes

Cytoplasm

Category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

Chemical reaction between two molecules in which a water molecule is released and a covalent bond forms; often requires an input of energy; polymers are built as a result of this reaction

Dehydration Reaction

RCC TEAS SCIENCE Flashcards

(87 cards)