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RCE Flashcards

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1
Q

Normally, the first part of the barium swallow usually reaches the ileocecal valve within how many hours?

A

2-3 hours

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2
Q

A water-soluble iodinated contrast media normally reaches and outlines the colons within how many hours?

A

4 hours

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3
Q

The highest degree of motor activity is normally found in what parts of the GI tract?

A

Stomach

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4
Q

This is a type of barium preparations that contains gum or other suspending or dispersing agents.

A

Suspended or flocculation-resistant preparations

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5
Q

What portion of the small intestine has the greatest peristaltic action?

A

Upper part of the canal

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6
Q

What is the main advantage of water soluble contrast media?

A

Easily removed by aspiration and no ill effects result when escapes into the peritoneum

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7
Q

The most commonly used film widths in fluoroscopic spot-image cameras are?

A

100 and 105 mm widths

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8
Q

What type of contrast media is used to permit rapid survey of the entire small intestine?

A

Orally administered iodinated medium or water-soluble iodinated contrast media

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9
Q

This is a term applied to the contraction waves by which the digestive tube propels its contents toward the rectum.

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

The lowest degree of motor activity is normally found in what parts of the GI tract?

A

Distal part of the large intestine

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11
Q

What are the factors that affect peristaltic speed?

A
  • Body habitus
  • Pathologic changes
  • Body position
  • Respiration
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12
Q

Localized contractions occur in what parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum and jejunum

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13
Q

What are the reasons why water-soluble contrast media cannot provide a clear anatomical detail of the alimentary canal?

A

Failure to provide clear anatomic detail of the small intestine (dilution of the contrast media)

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14
Q

What are the four factors that affect the passage of barium mixture through the alimentary canal?

A
  • Type of contrast media
  • Temperature of contrast media
  • Consistency of contrast media
  • Motile function of the alimentary canal
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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of water soluble contrast media?

A
  • Strongly bitter taste
  • Does not adhere to the mucosa
  • Dilution of the contrast medium
  • Decrease in pacification
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16
Q

This route of administration allows a reasonably rapid investigation of large intestine when a patient cannot cooperate for a satisfactory enema study.

A

Oral route

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17
Q

What is the best method to demonstrate the entire large intestine with the use of contrast media?

A

Barium enema

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18
Q

Radiographic examination of the pharynx and esophagus

A

esophagography

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19
Q

What condition is known as the peptic ulcer of the esophagus?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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20
Q

During esophageal examination, the exposure time is shorter in which position?

A

Upright

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21
Q

What examination is performed to demonstrate opaque foreign bodies lodged in the pharynx or upper esophagus?

A

Soft tissue neck or lateral projection

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22
Q

What position is utilized in esophagography to demonstrate a wider space for an unobstructed image of the esophagus?

A

RAO 35-40°

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23
Q

What is the best position to obtain more complete filling of the proximal part of the esophagus?

A

Recumbent

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24
Q

What is the best position to demonstrate variceal distentions of the esophageal varices?

A

Recumbent

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25
What is the alternative position when the patient cannot be placed in RAO position for oblique projection of the esophagus?
LPO 35-40°
26
In AP/PA projection, the esophagus is superimposed to what structure?
Thoracic vertebrae
27
The passage of barium through the esophagus is fairly slow if it is swallowed at the end of _______.
Full inspiration
28
What methods are used to increase venous pressure and make the variceal filling more complete?
* Valsalva maneuver * Moderate inspiration
29
The passage of barium through the esophagus is increased if it is swallowed at the end of _______.
Full expiration
30
During esophageal examination, the respiration is inhibited for several seconds after beginning of _______.
Deglutition
31
What is the concentration of barium sulfate mixture needed for the full-column single contrast study of the esophagus?
30-50% weight/volume suspension
32
What is the reference point in lateral projection of the esophagus?
T5-T6
33
What is the reference point in AP/PA oblique projection of the esophagus?
2 in. (5 cm) lateral to MSP
34
What is the reference point in AP/PA projection of the esophagus?
T5-T6
35
After swallowing the barium, the patient does not have to hold his/her breath because respiration is inhibited by how many seconds?
2 seconds
36
For demonstration of the entire esophagus, the exposure is taken while the patient is drinking the barium suspension through a _______.
Straw
37
Normally, the last part of the barium swallow usually reaches the ileocecal valve within how many hours?
2-3 hours
38
What is a gas producing substance that is used in double contrast examination of the esophagus?
Carbon dioxide crystals
39
Esophagogram is also known as?
Esophagram, Barium Swallow or Barium Meal
40
What is used to increase both intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressures?
Breathing exercises
41
In compression technique, the patient is placed in what position?
Prone
42
Esophagus is delineated between hilar region of lungs & thoracic spine in what position?
LAO position
43
What is the best position to demonstrate the upper esophagus without superimposition of arms and shoulders?
Swimmer's lateral position
44
What techniques are used to demonstrate esophageal reflux disease?
Breathing exercises, Water test, Compression paddle technique, Toe-touch maneuver
45
What is the average emptying time of the normal stomach?
1-2 hours
46
What is a device that is placed under the duodenal bulb to place pressure on the abdomen?
Pneumatic paddle (Compression device)
47
What type of barium is developed for double contrast gastric examination?
Low-viscosity, high density barium
48
Exposures during examination of the stomach and small intestine are made at the end of?
Expiration
49
A water-soluble iodinated contrast media normally clears the stomach within how many hours?
1-2 hours
50
What is the most important consideration in GI radiography?
Elimination of motion
51
This examination is used to evaluate the distal esophagus, stomach and some or all of the small intestine?
Upper GI examination/series (UGIS)
52
This is used to delineate the liver spleen, kidneys, psoas muscles and bony structures?
Preliminary radiograph
53
This is used to detect any abdominal or pelvic calcifications and tumor masses?
Preliminary radiograph (requires cleansing of the intestinal tract)
54
What is the best position for examination of ambulatory outpatients or acutely ill patients?
Supine (Dorsal Recumbent)
55
A non-gas forming laxative is usually administered 1 day prior to the examination to patient with?
Constipation
56
What is the purpose of instructing the patient to have a soft, low residue diet for 2 days?
To prevent gas formation from excessive fermentation of the intestinal contents
57
What is given to ensure a properly prepared colon?
Cleansing enema
58
To ensure empty stomach, the food and water are usually withheld by how many hours?
8-9 hours before the examination
59
What should be restricted to prevent stimulation of gastric secretion and salivation causing excessive fluid from accumulating in the stomach and diluting the contrast media?
Smoking and chewing gum
60
What is a combination of the single-contrast and double contrast methods?
Biphasic examination
61
In UGIS, what pathology is demonstrated when the patient is placed in trendelenburg 25-30 degrees?
Hiatal hernia
62
In UGIS, what pathologies are demonstrated when the patient is placed in trendelenburg 10-15 degrees and is rotated slightly toward the right side?
Hiatal hernia Esophageal regurgitation
63
What technique best demonstrates small lesions and mucosal lining of the stomach?
Double contrast technique
64
What is the patient preparation if the patient is scheduled early in the morning?
NPO from midnight until the time of the examination
65
What is the patient preparation if small intestine study is to be included after stomach study?
NPO after evening meal
66
What medication is given to the patient during GI studies to relax the GI tract?
Glucagon or anticholinergic medications
67
What examination is used for evaluation of postbulbar duodenal lesions and for detection of pancreatic disease?
Hypotonic duodenography
68
What is the patient preparation for a child older than 1 y.o.?
NPO 6 hrs
69
What is the reference point for stomach studies when the patient is prone?
1-2 inches superior to lower rib margin (L1-L2 level)
70
What examinations should be performed if pancreatic disease is suspected?
CT scan or Needle biopsy
71
The greatest visceral movement between prone and upright occurs in what type of patient?
Asthenic
72
What patient is at high risk of dehydration during GI studies?
Geriatric patient
73
In asthenic patients, what adjustment keeps the stomach and duodenum from pressing against the vertebrae?
Pillows under the thorax and pelvis
74
What should not be applied for standard radiographic projections of the stomach and intestine?
Immobilization band
75
What is the reference point for stomach studies when the patient is upright?
3-6 inches inferior to lower rib margin (LI-L2 level)
76
What is the method for the roentgen demonstration of minimal hiatal herniation?
Wolf Method (PAO Projection)
77
What is the patient preparation to prevent fluid from accumulating in the stomach?
Avoid smoking or chewing gum
78
What projection will best demonstrate pyloric canal and duodenal bulb of asthenic and hyposthenic patients?
PA Projection (prone position)
79
What modality will best demonstrate Barrett's esophagus?
Nuclear medicine
80
In sthenic patients, the duodenal bulb is located at what level?
L2
81
In asthenic patients, the fundus usually fills in what position?
Prone Position
82
What is the patient preparation for an infant younger than 1 y.o.?
NPO 4 hrs
83
What projection will best demonstrate pyloric canal and duodenal bulb of sthenic and hypersthenic patients?
PA Axial Projection

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