Reaction conditions Flashcards by AD VE

Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH(aq), Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Halogenoalkane to amine

A

conc. ethanolic ammonia, High pressure

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

Ethanolic KCN, Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Aldehyde/Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

KCN and H2SO4, Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alkene to di-halogenoalkane

A

Pure Halogen

Addition/Electrophilic addition

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Q

Alkene to Halogenoalkane

A

Hydrohalogen gas

Addition/Electrophilic addition

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Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam and phosphoric acid catalyst, 300C 60atm

Addition/Electrophilic addition

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Q

A

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Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Hydrogen and nickel catalyst, 150C

Addition/Hydrogenation

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Q

Carbonyls to hydroxynitrile

A

KCN in H2SO4

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Q

Alkene to diol

A

Cold dilute KMnO4

Oxidation

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Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Hot conc. KMnO4

Oxidation

breaks C=C bond and gives 2 compounds

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Q

Alcohol to Carbonyl/Carboxylic acid

A

Acidified Dichromate ions, H2SO4 catalyst, heat under reflux for ketone and carboxylic acid formation

Oxidation

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Q

What are side products

Alcohol to halogenoalkane with PCl5

A

POCl3 an HCl as side products

Halogenation

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Q

without PCl5

Alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

KBr, Conc. H2SO4, warm gently

Halogenation

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

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A

conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4

Dehydration

Q

Halogenoalkane to alkene

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A

Ethanolic NaOH, Heat under reflux

Elimination

Q

Carbonyl/Carboxylic acid to alcohol

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A

LiAlH4 in dry ether or NaBH4

Reduction

Q

Nitrile to Amine

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A

H2, 150C, Ni catalyst
OR
LiAlH4

Reduction

Q

Ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol

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A

Acid and water

Acid Hydrolysis

Q

Ester to Carboxylate ion and alcohol

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A

Alkali and water

Alkaline Hydrolysis

Q

Nitrile, water and dilute HCl

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A

Carboxylic acid and Ammonium Chloride

Acid Hydrolysis

Q

Nitrile and dilute NaOH

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A

Ammonia and Carboxylic salt

Alkaline hydrolysis