reaction reagents and testing (Chemistry)

Question 1

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Alkane to a Haloalkane?

Answer 1

halogen molecule and UV light

Question 2

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Alkene to a Alkane?

Answer 2

H2 and Ni catalyst

Question 3

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Haloalkane to an Alcohol?

Answer 3

NaOH (aq)

Question 4

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn an Alcohol to a Alkene?

Answer 4

H3PO4 or H2SO4 and heat

Question 5

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Alkene to an Alcohol?

Answer 5

H2O (g) / Steam and H3PO4

Question 6

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn an Alcohol to a Haloalkane?

Answer 6

Sodium Halide (eg. NaCl) and H2SO4

Question 7

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Alkene to an Haloalkane?

Answer 7

Hydrogen Halide (eg. HCl)

Question 8

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Haloalkane to a Nitrile?

Answer 8

CN- (eg. KCN) and ethanol

Question 9

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Haloalkane to a Amine?

Answer 9

NH3 and ethanol

Question 10

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Nitrile to a Amine?

Answer 10

H2 and Ni catalyst

Question 11

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn an Alcohol (primary) to a Aldehyde?

Answer 11

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 under distillation

Question 12

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn an Alcohol (primary) or an Aldehyde to a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 12

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 under reflux

Question 13

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Ketone or Aldehyde to an Alcohol?

Answer 13

NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) (to make H- ions)

Question 14

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Ketone to a Hydroxynitrile?

Answer 14

NaCN(aq) / H+ (aq) (hydrogen cyanide)

Question 15

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Aldehyde to a Hydroxynitrile?

Answer 15

NaCN(aq) / H+ (aq) (hydrogen cyanide)

Question 16

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Hydroxynitrile to a Amine?

Answer 16

H2 with a Ni catalyst

Question 17

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Hydroxynitrile or a Nitrile to a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 17

H20 and HCl (dilute Hydrochloric acid) and heat

Question 18

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Carboxylic Acid to a Ester?

Answer 18

an alcohol and conc. H2SO4

Question 19

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Ester to a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 19

dilute acid and heat

Question 20

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Carboxylic Acid to a Acyl Chloride?

Answer 20

SOCl2

Question 21

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Acyl Chloride to a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 21

H2O

Question 22

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Acyl Chloride to a Ester?

Answer 22

an alcohol

Question 23

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Ester to a Carboxylate?

Answer 23

OH- and Heat

Question 24

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn an Alcohol to a Ester?

Answer 24

A Carboxylic Acid and Conc H2SO4
OR
A Acid Anhydride

Question 25

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Acyl Chloride to a 1* Amide?

Answer 25

NH3

Question 26

What reagent(s) and/or conditions are needed to turn a Acyl Chloride to a 2* Amide?

Answer 26

A 1* Amine

Question 27

What is the functional group of a alkane?

Answer 27

there isn't one

Question 28

What is the functional group of a Haloalkane?

Answer 28

a halogen metal

Question 29

What is the functional group of a Alcohol?

Answer 29

-OH group

Question 30

What is the functional group of a Alkene?

Answer 30

C=C group

Question 31

What is the functional group of a Nitrile?

Answer 31

≡N

Question 32

What is the functional group of a Ketone?

Answer 32

2* =O

Question 33

What is the functional group of a Amine?

Answer 33

-NH2

Question 34

What is the functional group of a Aldehyde?

Answer 34

1* =O

Question 35

What is the functional group of a Hydroxynitrile?

Answer 35

-OH and ≡N

Question 36

What is the functional group of a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 36

=O and -OH and the same carbon

Question 37

What is the functional group of a Ester?

Answer 37

-O- bonding two carbon species

Question 38

What is the functional group of a Carboxylate?

Answer 38

a Carboxylic Acid group with a O- instead of OH

Question 39

What is the functional group of a Acyl Chloride?

Answer 39

and =O and Cl bonded to the same carbon

Question 40

What is the functional group of a 1* Amide?

Answer 40

=O and -NH2 on the same carbon

Question 41

What is the functional group of a 2* Amide?

Answer 41

=O and -NHR where R is another carbon group

Question 42

what are the three types of test for anions?

Answer 42

Test on a gas - Carbonate test Test on a precipitate - Sulfate test halide tests

Question 43

What is the carbonate test?

Answer 43

By reacting a carbonate with dilute nitric acid and aqueous sodium carbonate bubbles will be produces that will turn lime water milky as they are CO2

Question 44

What is the sulphate test?

Answer 44

By reacting a sulphate with aqueous barium ions a white precipitate will form. (normally added as BaCl2 (aq) )

Question 45

What is the halide test and results?

Answer 45

Aqueous silver nitrate to halides to form precipitates. Cl - white Br - Cream I - yellow Lastly by adding aqueous Ammonia solubility of precipitates can be tested which is useful as they can be difficult to tell apart

Question 46

What is the sequence of Anion testing and why?

Answer 46

Carbonate Sulfate halides as neither sulphate nor halides proud bubbles with dilute acid, Barium ions will react with carbonate to form a white insoluble precipitate (like sulphate) and lastly both sulphate and carbonate with form a silver precipitate that is insoluble

Question 47

What is the ammonium test?

Answer 47

when heated with hydroxide ions NH3 will be produced so gas bubbles are visible and a strong door is produced and can be tested with a pH indicator paper (turn pH paper blue).

Question 48

What are the effects of NH3 (aq) on silver halides?

Answer 48

Cl goes colourless Br only dissolves in conc. NH3 to colourless I is insoluble to ammonia

Question 49

What are the effects of NH3 (aq) on silver halides?

Answer 49

Cl goes colourless Br only dissolves in conc. NH3 to colourless I is insoluble to ammonia

Question 50

What does a catalyst do?

Answer 50

supplies an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy

Question 51

what are the conditions for dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 51

closed system forwards and backward reaction rates are equal concentration of reactants and products does no change