Reaction Summaries

Question 1

what is needed to go from an alkene to a poly(alkene)

Answer 1

high pressure catalyst

Question 2

what is needed to go from an alkene to a dihalogenoalkane

Answer 2

Br2 Cl2 room temp
EAdd

Question 3

what is needed to go from an alkene to a halogenoalkane

Answer 3

HBr HCl room temp
EAdd

Question 4

what is needed to go from an alkene to an alcohol

Answer 4

Step 1: H2SO4
EAdd
Step 2 H2O warm hydrolysis

Question 5

what is needed to go from an dihalogenoalkane to a diol

Answer 5

KOH aqueous heat under reflux
Nu Sub

Question 6

what is needed to go from an alkane to a halogenoalkane

Answer 6

Br2 Cl2
UV light
Fr Sub

Question 7

what is needed to go from a halogenoalkane to an alkene

Answer 7

KOH alcoholic
heat under reflux
Elimination

Question 8

what is needed to go from a halogenoalkane to an alcohol

Answer 8

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
NuSub

Question 9

what is needed to go from a halogenoalkane to a nitrile

Answer 9

KCN in ethanol/water mixture
heat under reflux
NuSub

Question 10

what is needed to go from a halogenoalkane to a primary amine

Answer 10

alcoholic NH3
heat under pressure
NuSub

Question 11

what is needed to go from an alcohol to an alkene

Answer 11

conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4
Elimination
dehydration

Question 12

what is needed to go from an alcohol to an ester

Answer 12

carboxylic acid + H2SO4
heat
esterification

Question 13

what is needed to go from an alcohol to a ketone

Answer 13

If secondary
Na2Cr2O7/H+
heat
oxidation

Question 14

what is needed to go from an alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 14

If Primary Na2Cr2O7/H+
heat and distill
partial ox

Question 15

what is needed to go from a nitrile to a primary amine

Answer 15

LiAlH4 in ether reduction

Question 16

what is needed to go from a primary amine to a secondary amine, tertiary amine, quaternary salt

Answer 16

haloalkane
NuSub

Question 17

what is needed to go from a primary amine to a secondary amide

Answer 17

acyl chloride
room temp
Nu add/elim

Question 18

what is needed to go from an aldehyde to an alcohol

Answer 18

NaBH4
Red Nu Add

Question 19

what is needed to go from an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

Answer 19

If primary Na2Cr2O7/H+
heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
oxidation

Question 20

what is needed to go from an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile

Answer 20

NaCN + H2SO4
Nu Add

Question 21

what is needed to go from a ketone to a hydroxynitrile

Answer 21

NaCN + H2SO4
Nu Add

Question 22

what is needed to go from a ketone to an alcohol

Answer 22

NaBH4
Red Nu Add

Question 23

what is needed to go from a carboxylic acid to an ester

Answer 23

alcohol + H2 SO4
heat
esterification

Question 24

what is needed to go from an acyl chloride/acid anhydride to a carboxylic acid

Answer 24

H2O room temp
Nu add/elim

Question 25

what is needed to go from an acyl chloride/acid anhydride to an ester

Answer 25

alcohol room temp Nu add/elim

Question 26

what is needed to go from an acyl chloride/acid anhydride to a secondary amide

Answer 26

primary amine room temp Nu add/elim

Question 27

what is needed to go from an acyl chloride/acid anhydride to a primary amide

Answer 27

NH3 room temp Nu add/elim

Question 28

Answer 28

conc nitric acid + conc sulphuric acid electrophilic substitution

Question 29

Answer 29

Sn and HCl reduction

Question 30

Answer 30

CH3Cl Nu sub

Question 31

Answer 31

CH3COCl Nucleophilic add-el

Question 32

Answer 32

acyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride catalyst Electrophilic substitution

Question 33

Answer 33

NaCN + H2SO4 Nu Add

Question 34

Answer 34

LiAlH4 reduction

Question 35

Answer 35

NaBH4 Red Nu Add

Question 36

Answer 36

CH3CO2H + H2SO4 heat esterification