Reactions Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Alkene -> Alkane conditions?
A
Hydrogenation using hydrogen and Ni or Pt catalyst
2
Q
Alkene -> Dihaloalkane conditions?
A
Halogenation using halogen in the dark
3
Q
Alkene -> Alkane reaction?
A
Addition
4
Q
Alkene -> Dihaloalkane reaction?
A
Electrophilic addition
5
Q
Alkene + Bromine Water observation?
A
Orange bromine water decolourises
6
Q
Alkene -> Haloalkane conditions?
A
Hydrogen halide, no catalyst, room temperature
7
Q
Alkene + Hydrogen Halide reaction?
A
Electrophilic Addition
8
Q
Alkene -> Alcohol conditions?
A
H2O, phosphoric acid catalyst, steam
9
Q
Alkene -> Alcohol reaction?
A
Hydration
Electrophilic addition
10
Q
Alkene polymerisation reaction?
A
Addition polymerisation
11
Q
Alcohol -> Alkene conditions?
A
Heat with conc. sulfuric acid
12
Q
Alcohol -> Alkene reaction?
A
Elimination, produces H2O
13
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde conditions?
A
Heat under distillation with aqueous acidified K2Cr2O7
14
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde observations?
A
Orange solution turns green
15
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde reaction?
A
Oxidation, produces H2O
16
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid conditions?
A
Heat under reflux, aqueous acidic K2Cr2O7
17
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid observation?
A
Orange solution turns green
18
Q
Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic Acid reaction?
A
Oxidation, produces H2O
19
Q
Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone conditions?
A
Heat under reflux with aqueous acidified K2Cr2O7
20
Q
Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone observation?
A
Orange solution turns green
21
Q
Secondary Alcohol-> Ketone reaction?
A
Oxidation, produces H2O
22
Q
Alcohol -> Haloalkane conditions?
A
conc. H2SO4, NaCl/NaBr
23
Q
Alcohol -> Haloalkane reaction?
A
Substitution, produces H2O
24
Q
Haloalkane -> Alcohol with alkali conditions?
A
Aqueous alkali, heat
25
Haloalkane -> Alcohol with alkali reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution, forms :Br-
26
Haloalkane -> Alcohol with water conditions?
Heat with water
27
Haloalkane -> Alcohol with water reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide
28
Haloalkane -> Amine conditions?
Heat with excess ammonia, dissolved in ethanol
29
Haloalkane -> Primary Amine reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide
30
Haloalkane -> Secondary Amine conditions?
Heat with excess primary amine dissolved in ethanol
31
Haloalkane -> Secondary Amine reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide
32
Haloalkane -> Nitrile conditions?
Sodium or potassium cyanide dissolved in ethanol
33
Haloalkane -> Nitrile reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide
34
Nitration of an aromatic ring conditions?
Conc. HNO3 and conc H2SO4
35
Nitration of an aromatic ring reaction?
Electrophilic substitution, forms H2O
36
Halogenation of an aromatic ring conditions?
Halogen carrier catalyst
37
Halogenation of an aromatic ring reaction?
Electrophilic substitution, forms hydrogen halide
38
Alkylation of an aromatic ring conditions?
Halogen carrier catalyst
39
Alkylation of an aromatic ring reaction?
Electrophilic substitution
40
Acylation of an aromatic ring conditions?
Halogen carrier catalyst
41
Acylation of an aromatic ring reaction?
Electrophilic substitution, forms a ketone
42
Phenol -> phenoxide conditions?
Alkali, no catalyst needed
43
Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol conditions?
3Br2, no catalyst
44
Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol reaction?
Electrophilic substitution, produces 3HBr
45
Phenol -> 2,4,6-tribromophenol observation?
Bromine is decolourised, white precipitate forms
46
Phenol -> phenolic ester conditions?
Acyl chloride, no catalyst
47
Phenol -> phenolic ester reaction?
Condensation, forms HCl
48
Aldehyde/ketone + 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine observation?
Forms orange or yellow precipitate
49
Aldehyde + Tollens' Reagent Conditions?
Warm with Tollens' reagent
50
Aldehyde + Tollens' Reagent observation?
Silver mirror will form
51
Aldehyde + Tollens' Reagent reaction?
Redox, forms a carboxylic acid
52
Aldehyde -> Alcohol conditions?
NaBH4, aqueous solution
53
Aldehyde -> Alcohol reaction?
Nucleophilic addition, forms primary alcohol
54
Ketone -> Alcohol conditions?
NaBH4, aqueous solution
55
Ketone -> Alcohol reaction?
Nucleophilic addition, forms secondary alcohol
56
Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile conditions?
NaCN/KCN, dilute HCl (form acidified aqueous HCN in solution)
57
Aldehyde -> Hydroxynitrile reaction?
Nucleophilic addition
58
Carboxylic Acid + Hydroxide reaction?
Neutralisation, forms salt and water
59
Carboxylic Acid + Oxide reaction?
Neutralisation, forms salt and water
60
Carboxylic Acid + Carbonates reaction?
Neutralisation, forms salt, water and CO2
61
Carboxylic Acid + Metal reaction?
Redox, forms salt and hydrogen gas
62
Carboxylic acid -> ester conditions?
Alcohol, conc H2SO4 catalyst, heat under reflux
63
Carboxylic acid -> ester reaction?
Condensation, forms H2O
64
Carboxylic acid -> amide conditions?
Amine, absence of water
65
Carboxylic acid -> amide reaction?
Condensation, forms H2O
66
Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride conditions?
Thionyl chloride(SOCl2) no catalyst
67
Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride reaction?
Produces SO2 and HCl
68
Acid anhydride -> ester conditions?
Alcohol, warm, no catalyst
69
Acid anhydride -> ester reaction?
Condensation, forms carboxylic acid
70
Acyl chloride -> ester conditions?
Alcohol, room temperature, no catalyst, absence of water
71
Acyl chloride -> ester reaction?
Condensation, forms HCl
72
Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid conditions?
Water
73
Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid reaction?
Hydrolysis, forms HCl
74
Acyl chloride -> primary amide conditions?
Ammonia, absence of water
75
Acyl chloride -> primary amide reaction?
Condensation, forms HCl
76
Acyl chloride -> secondary amide conditions?
Amine, absence of water
77
Acyl chloride -> secondary amide reaction?
Condensation, forms HCl
78
Acid hydrolysis of ester conditions?
Heat under reflux with aqueous acid, water
79
Acid hydrolysis of ester reaction?
Forms alcohol and carboxylic acid
80
Base hydrolysis of ester conditions?
Heat under reflux with aqueous alkali
81
Base hydrolysis of ester reaction?
Forms alcohol and carbonate salt
82
Aromatic amine synthesis conditions?
Heat a nitro-compound under reflux with tin (Sn) and conc HCl (forms 6[H])
83
Aromatic amine synthesis reaction?
Reduction, forms 2 water molecules
84
Amine + Water reaction?
Reversible acid base reaction. Forms OH- ion and ion of the amine
85
Amine + Acid reaction?
Acid base reaction, forms salt
86
Amino acid + acid reaction?
Acid base reaction of -NH2 group, forms salt
87
Amino acid + alkali reaction?
Acid base reaction of -COOH group, forms salt and water
88
Amino acid + alcohol reaction?
Esterification of -COOH group, produces water
89
Amino acid + alcohol conditions?
Heat with conc. H2SO4 catalyst
90
Nitrile hydrolysis reaction?
Forms ammonium ion
91
Nitrile hydrolysis conditions?
Reflux with aqueous HCl
92
Nitrile reduction reaction?
Addition reaction
93
Nitrile reduction conditions?
Heat with H2, Pt catalyst
94
Formation of a polyester (single monomer) reaction?
Condensation polymerisation
95
Formation of a polyester (double monomer) reaction?
Condensation polymerisation
96
Formation of a polyester using a diacyl chloride?
Condensation polymerisation
97
Formation of a polyamide (single monomer)?
Condensation polymerisation
98
Formation of a polyamide (double monomer)?
Condensation polymerisation
99
Formation of a polyamide from a diacyl chloride?
Condensation polymerisation
100
Polyester hydrolysis acid conditions?
Aqueous HCl, heat under reflux
101
Polyester hydrolysis alkaline conditions?
Aqueous NaOH, heat under reflux
102
Polyester hydrolysis alkaline conditions reaction?
Carboxylic acid groups form salt under alkaline conditions
103
Polyamide hydrolysis acid conditions?
Aqueous HCl, heat under reflux
104
Polyamide hydrolysis acid conditions reaction?
Amine groups form salt under acidic conditions
105
Polyamide hydrolysis alkaline conditions?
Aqueous NaOH, heat under reflux
106
Polyamide hydrolysis alkaline conditions reaction?
Carboxylic acid groups form salts under alkaline conditions
