Reactions!

Question 1

what forms?
Acyl Chloride + Water

Answer 1

Carboxylic Acid
HCl (gas)
H2 (gas)

Question 2

what forms?
Acyl Chloride + Alcohol

Answer 2

Ketone
HCl

Question 3

what forms?
Acyl Chloride + Ammonia

Answer 3

Primary Amide
Ammonium Chloride

Question 4

what forms?
Acyl Chloride + Primary Amine

Answer 4

Secondary Amine
R-NH3

Question 5

what forms?
Acyl Chloride + Phenol

Answer 5

Ester
HCl

Question 6

NO2 が付いてたら何て言う？

Answer 6

Nitro-

Question 7

when naming phenols, どっちが priority?
ketone func grp か phenyl grp?

Answer 7

ketone

Question 8

kekule model の問題？
1、2、と　3は？

Answer 8

1) suggests that benzene reacts w bromine

2) enthalpy change of hydrogenation is less exothermic than expected

3)suggests that there are 2 different bond lengths in the benzene ring

Question 9

Benzene の delocalised model の根拠は？
(3つ)

Answer 9

1) Identical bond lengths, as P orbitals overlap above/below the ring

2) No reaction w bromine, as the e- density is lower than in alkene, so a large dipole cannot be induced in the electrophile (eg Bromine)

Question 10

describe Bonding in a Benzene ring

Answer 10

-each Carbon forms 3Sigma & 1Pi Bond

-P orbitals overlap below/above benzene ring to from Pi Ring

• e- in P orbitals are delocalised

Question 11

describe Shape of Benzene ring

Answer 11

-planar
- 120° bond angle
- carbon-carbon bond lengths ALL equal

Question 12

what are the reagents needed for nitrobenzene formation from Benzene?

Answer 12

conc. HNO3 (nitric acid)
conc. H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

Question 13

what is the electrophile formation for
making a nitrobenzene from a Benzene?

Answer 13

HNO3 + H2SO4 ———> NO2+ + H2SO4- + H2

Question 14

what is the AlCl3 catalyst regeneration (for electrophilic sub of Benzene) ?

Answer 14

AlCl4- + H+ ———> AlCl3+ + HCl

Question 15

Describe 3 steps of Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene!

Answer 15

1) two e- from delocalised Pi-system for electrophile
•temporarily breaks Pi-system •forms C—Br bond

2) unstable intermediate w/ broken Pi-system

3) two e- donated back to Pi-system from C-H bond
•breaks C—H bond •Pi-system reformed •proton removed

Question 16

what are the two ways aliphatic primary amines can be prepared ?

Answer 16

1) from Halogenoalkane (nucleophilic sub)
2) from Nitriles (reduction reaction)

Question 17

how do u prepare amine from halogenoalkane

Answer 17

heat amine with excess NH3

Question 18

how do u prepare amime from nitrile

Answer 18

H2 gas and Metal catalyst
(no further reaction 100% atom economy)

Question 19

how to prepare aromatic amine

Answer 19

reduce aromatic (ring) nitro-compound
(nitro = NO2)
reducing agent: conc. HCl & Sn (tin)