Reactions Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

Substitution

A

Br₂ or Cl₂

UV light

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Q

Alkene to Dihaloalkane

Addition

A

Br₂ or Cl₂

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Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

Addition

A

HCl or HBr

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Q

Alkene to Alcohol

Addition

A

H₂O/H⁺

Heat

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Q

Alkene to Alkane

Addition

A

H₂, Ni catalyst

Heat

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Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Substitution

A

KOH(aq)

Reflux

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Q

Haloalkane to Amine

Substitution

A

NH₃

Warm

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Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

Elimination

A

KOH(alc)

Reflux

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Q

Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde

Oxidation

A

Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺ or MnO₄⁻/H⁺

Controlled heat

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Q

Primary Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation (continuation from alcohol oxidation to aldehyde)

A

Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺ or MnO₄⁻/H⁺

Reflux

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Q

Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

Oxidation

A

Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺ or MnO₄⁻/H⁺

Reflux

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Q

Alcohol to Haloalkane

Substitution

A

PCl₅, PCl₃ or SOCl₂

Reflux

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Q

Alcohol to Alkene

Elimination

A

conc. H₂SO₄

Heat

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Q

Alcohol to Ester

Esterification

A

Carboxylic acid, conc. H₂SO₄

Heat

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Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

Esterification

A

Alcohol, conc. H₂SO₄

Heat

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Q

Carboxylic Acid to Carboxylate Salt

Acid + Base (neutralisation)

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A

NaOH or NaHCO₃

Q

Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

Substitution

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A

SOCl₂ (or PCl₅/PCl₃)

Q

Carboxylic Acid to Amide

Condensation

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A

Amine or NH₃

Heat

Q

Amine to Amide

Condensation

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A

Acyl chloride

Q

Amine to Amide

Condensation

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A

Carboxylic acid

Heat

Q

Amine to Ammonium Salt

Acid + Base (neutralisation)

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A

HCl

Q

Amide to Carboxylic Acid + NH₄⁺

Acid Hydrolysis

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A

H⁺/H₂O

Reflux

Q

Amide to Carboxylate ion + NH₃

Base Hydrolysis

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A

NaOH + H₂O

Heat

Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

Oxidation

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A

Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺ or MnO₄⁻/H⁺

Reflux

Aldehyde to Primary Alcohol | Reduction

NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄

Ketone to Secondary Alcohol | Reduction

NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄

Acyl Chloride to Amide | Substitution

Amine

Acyl Chloride to Ester | Substitution

Alcohol