Reactions

Question 0

Is esterification a reversible reaction?

Answer 0

Yes! :)

Question 1

Conditions needed for esterification?

Answer 1

Heat, concentrated H2SO4

Question 2

Whats the diff between esterification and aminolysis?

Answer 2

Esterification: between carboxylic acid and alcohol to create an ester, reversible, needs heat and H+; Aminolysis: between carboxylic acid and amine to create an amide, not reversible, only requires heat

Question 3

Whats another name for alkylation (for benzene rings)?

Answer 3

Friedel Crafts

Question 4

What are the conditions needed for Friedel Crafts?

Answer 4

AlCl3

Question 5

Conditions needed for halogenation of alkanes?

Answer 5

UV light

Question 6

Conditions needed for halogenation of alkenes/alkynes?

Answer 6

No conditions needed, this process occurs rapidly (even in the dark)

Question 7

Conditions needed for halogenation of benzene rings?

Answer 7

Fe/FeX3 (X being the halogen itself)

Question 8

Which type of reactions do alkenes/alkynes usually undergo?

Answer 8

Addition Reactions

Question 9

Which type of reactions do alkanes usually undergo?

Answer 9

Substitution

Question 10

Is there any by-product formed in the halogenation reaction of alkanes? If yes, then what is it?

Answer 10

Yes, HX where X is the halogen itself

Question 11

In the halogenation of alkynes, what is the ratio of the moles of organic compound to the moles of the halogen?

Answer 11

1:2 (Eg. 2Cl2+C6H10)

Question 12

What do we need to do to oxidise an alcohol (given that it will actually undergo oxidation)?

Answer 12

Add acidified potassium permanganate solution/or acidified potassium dichromate solution
KMnO4: purple to colourless (when oxidation occurs)
K2Cr2O7: orange to green (when oxidation occurs)

Question 13

What is formed when we oxidise a primary alcohol (succesfully)?

Answer 13

Carboxylic acid (+Water)

Question 14

What is formed when you oxidise a secondary alcohol (successfully)?

Answer 14

Ketone (+H2O)

Question 15

Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds acidic properties?

Answer 15

Carboxylic Acid and Phenol (AHHH dont forget Phenol PELELEASE)

Question 16

Which functional group(s) give(s) organic compounds basic properties?

Answer 16

Aminessss

Question 17

I know this is not really a reaction but which functional group gives the organic compound a sweet-smell?

Answer 17

Esters

Question 18

If I want to form C6H6-CH3, what should I react C6H6 with? Any conditions needed?

Answer 18

Reagent:
CH3Cl
Condition(s):
AlCl3

Question 19

What’s the difference between hydration and hydrogenation?

Answer 19

Hydration: adding H2O to the compound
Hydrogenation: adding H2 to the compound
plus one of them has a -ogen instead of the a (okay bad joke)

Question 20

Primary alcohols, when oxidised, undergo two stages to eventually form a carboxylic acid. What is the formed in the intermediate stage?

Answer 20

Aldehyde+H2O

Question 21

How do you differentiate between the products formed from a primary alcohol oxidation reaction and a secondary alcohol oxidation reaction?

Answer 21

Primary: Carboxylic Acid (turns blue litmus paper red) (add CO3: CO2 formed –> effervescence)
Secondary: Ketone (doesnt change colour of both litmus papers) (add CO3: nth formed)

Question 22

Can tertiary alcohols undergo oxidation? If not, why?

Answer 22

No, they do not have a extra hydrogen atom on the carbon available for oxidation. Therefore, they resist oxidation.

Question 23

In esters, naming: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?

Answer 23

Alcohol

Father comes first (so gender biased) in naming

Question 24

In esters, for condensed formulas: which comes first, the acid or the alcohol?

Answer 24

Acid

Question 25

What are the conditions needed for the hydrogenation of alkenes & alkynes?

Answer 25

Ni/Pt/Pd, heat, pressure

Question 26

What are the conditions needed for hydration?

Answer 26

H3PO4 and heat (400deg to be specific)

Question 27

What are the conditions needed for the cracking of alkanes?

Answer 27

Pt and heat (basically Pt is an eg of a solid catalyst thats used)