reactions and reagents chapter 6 Flashcards
the addition of cyanide to aldehydes and ketones to form …
… cyanohydrin
NaCN - nucleophile
HCl - protonating the O-
H2O
the reduction of cyanohydrin to an…
…aldehyde or ketone
NaOH - OH nucleophile
CN - leaving group
what are the conditions of NaBH4
protic solvents - which contains O-H or N-H bonds so can provide H+ ions e.g.
H2O and alcohol
what are the conditions of LiAH4
aprotic - THF and ET2O
water can be added In the second work up step
which reducing agent can/can’t be used for reduction of esters
LiAlH4 can be used - strong reducing agent
NaBH4 cannot be used - not strong enough
the addition of organometallic reagents to aldehydes and ketones forms …
… alcohol
the addition of water/alcohol to aldehydes and ketones forms …
… alcohol
water is a weaker than alcohol nucleophile, but can still attack the electron deficient carbon