reactions and reagents chapter 6

Question 1

the addition of cyanide to aldehydes and ketones to form …

Answer 1

… cyanohydrin

NaCN - nucleophile
HCl - protonating the O-
H2O

Question 2

the reduction of cyanohydrin to an…

Answer 2

…aldehyde or ketone

NaOH - OH nucleophile
CN - leaving group

Question 3

what are the conditions of NaBH4

Answer 3

protic solvents - which contains O-H or N-H bonds so can provide H+ ions e.g.

H2O and alcohol

Question 4

what are the conditions of LiAH4

Answer 4

aprotic - THF and ET2O

water can be added In the second work up step

Question 5

which reducing agent can/can’t be used for reduction of esters

Answer 5

LiAlH4 can be used - strong reducing agent

NaBH4 cannot be used - not strong enough

Question 6

the addition of organometallic reagents to aldehydes and ketones forms …

Answer 6

… alcohol

Question 7

the addition of water/alcohol to aldehydes and ketones forms …

Answer 7

… alcohol

water is a weaker than alcohol nucleophile, but can still attack the electron deficient carbon