Reactions of Alkyl halides Flashcards

1
Q

The reactivity of alkyl halides is due to the?

A

polarity of C-X bond

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2
Q

Name some Nucleophiles

A

OH⁻ , RO⁻ , HS−, CN−, NH3 , NH−2 , RCOO−

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3
Q

What are the two mechanisms of Nucleophilic substitution reactions?

A

SN1 (Substitution Nucleophilic unimolecular) and SN2 (Substitution Nucleophilic bimolecular)

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4
Q

How many steps are in SN1 mechanism?

A

2

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5
Q

How many steps are in SN2 mechanism?

A

1

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6
Q

In which mechanism a transition state is formed and is only a one step mechanism?

A

SN2

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7
Q

SN1 is a mechanism of how many steps ?

A

2

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8
Q

the slow step is called ?

A

Rate determining step

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9
Q

3° alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?

A

SN1

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10
Q

2° Alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?

A

both SN2 and SN1 depending upon the nature of the solvent in which reaction is carried out

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11
Q

1° alkyl halides undergo which mechanism?

A

SN2

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12
Q

CH3-X undergo which mechanism?

A

SN2

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13
Q

polar solvents favor which mechanism?

A

SN1

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14
Q

non polar solvents favor which mechanism?

A

SN2

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15
Q

formation of Grignard’s reagent

A

R-X + Mg in the presence of anhydrous ether —> R-Mg-X

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16
Q

the positively charged part in Grignard’s reagent is

A

Mg metal is electrophilic in nature and is +ve in RMgX

17
Q

the negatively charged part of Grignard’s reagent is

A

R

18
Q

Hydrolysis of Grignard’s reagent forms?

A

R-Mg-X + H-OH —> R-H + Mg-X-OH (alkane formation)

19
Q

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with alcohol
R-Mg-X + R-OH —>

A

R-H + Mg-X-RO⁻
alkane

20
Q

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with ammonia
R-Mg-X + H-N⁻H2 —>

A

R-H + Mg-X-N⁻H2
alkane

21
Q

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with amine
R-Mg-X + R-N⁻H2 —->

A

R-R + Mg-X-N⁻H2
alkane

22
Q

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with alkyl halide
R-Mg-X + R-X —->

A

R-R + Mg-X2
alkane

23
Q

Reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO2

A