Reactions of metals

Question 1

When
metals
? with other substances, the metal
atoms
lose
?
to form ??

Answer 1

-react
-electrons
-positive ions

Question 2

Reactivity series

Answer 2

-list of metals showing how reactive they are compared to one another

Question 3

The more reactive a metal…

Answer 3

…the more vigorous and rapid its reactions.
…the more easily it loses electrons to form positive ions.

Question 4

Name the elements in the reactivity series

Answer 4

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
(Carbon)
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
(Hydrogen)
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

Question 5

Why is it important to know the reactivity series?

Answer 5

-helps us select the appropriate materials for specific applications

Question 6

Less reactive metals dont give up their ? as easily and so react with other elements more ? or ?

Answer 6

-electrons
-slowly
-not at all

Question 7

Reactive metals are at the ? of the reactivity series

Answer 7

top

Question 8

Unreactive metals are at the ? of the reactivity series

Answer 8

bottom

Question 9

The reactivity of a metal/how vigorously it reacts is related to its tendency to…

Answer 9

…lose electrons and form positive ions.

Question 10

How do we make the reactivity series?

Answer 10

-we see how fast or vigorously a metal reacts with cold water or a dilute acid

Question 11

How do Potassium, Sodium and Lithium react with:
1) cold water?
2) dilute acids?

Answer 11

1) Violent
2) Violent

Question 12

How do Calcium and Magnesium react with dilute acids?

Answer 12

rapid

Question 13

How does Calcium react with cold water?

Answer 13

fast

Question 14

How does Magnesium react with cold water?

Answer 14

very slow

Question 15

How do Zinc and Iron react with dilute acids?

Answer 15

slow

Question 16

How does Zinc react with cold water?

Answer 16

usually no reaction

Question 17

How does Iron react with cold water?

Answer 17

rusts slowly

Question 18

How do Copper and Gold react with
1) cold water?
2) dilute acid?

Answer 18

1) No reaction
2) No reaction

Question 19

The more reactive the metal, the more ? has been made

Answer 19

-hydrogen

Question 20

metal + acid >
e.g. magnesium + hydrochloric acid ->

Answer 20

salt + hydrogen
magnesium chloride + hydrogen

Question 21

acid + metal oxide >
e.g. magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid ->

Answer 21

salt + water
magnesium chloride + water

Question 22

If an element is less reactive than hydrogen…

Answer 22

…it will not react at all in water or in a dilute acid.

Question 23

acid + metal hydroxide >
e.g. magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid ->

Answer 23

salt + water
magnesium chloride + water

Question 24

When an acid reacts with an alkali….

Answer 24

….salt and water are formed.
-so a soluble base that can dissolve in an acid

Question 25

When ammonia reacts with acid.....

Answer 25

.... salt is formed. e.g. ammonia + hydrochloric acid -> ammonium chloride

Question 26

When a metal reacts with water...

Answer 26

...metal hydroxide and hydrogen are produced (if more reactive) ...metal oxide and hydrogen are produced (if less reactive)

Question 27

When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid...

Answer 27

....salt, water and carbon dioxide are produced e.g. calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid -> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

Question 28

Platinum is placed below gold in the reactivity series. Predict its reaction with dilute acids and explain your answer

Answer 28

-there will be no reaction -platinum is below gold, which is also below hydrogen -metals in reactivity series below hydrogen do not react with dilute acids

Question 29

+1 metals

Answer 29

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Silver

Question 30

+2 metals

Answer 30

-calcium -magnesium -zinc -tin -lead -copper

Question 31

+3 metals

Answer 31

Aluminium and Iron

Question 32

Why is gold not found in an ore?

Answer 32

-it is so unreactive that it cannot oxidise with other elements to form an ore

Question 33

Displacement

Answer 33

-when a more reactive element pushes out a less reactive element from its compound

Question 34

Why are they called redox reactions?

Answer 34

-reduction and oxidation happen at the same time

Question 35

So to reduce/displace copper sulfate with magnesium...

Answer 35

...you need to oxidise magnesium. -so copper ions gain two electrons (reduced) -magnesium atoms lose two electrons (oxidised) -balanced ionic equation and can be split into 2 half equations

Question 36

What makes a metal have more of a tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions?

Answer 36

-when it is very close to a full outer shell and has less electrons to lose

Question 37

Why is Silver so unreactive despite having a +1 charge?

Answer 37

-it has less metal properties