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Organic Reactions Edexcel A Level Chemistry > Reactions Of Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Reactions Of Organic Molecules Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

alkene to alkane

A

addition
H2, 150 degrees, nickel catalyst

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2
Q

alkane to halogenoalkane

A

free radical substitution
halogen, UV light

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3
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane

A

electrophilic addition
hydrogen halide, room temperature

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4
Q

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

electrophilic addition
halogen in water

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5
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

electrophilic addition
steam and heat with conc, H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

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6
Q

alkene to diol

A

oxidation
KMnO4, cold and acidified

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7
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene

A

elimination
ethanolic KOH, heat under reflux

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8
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

elimination
conc, H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

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9
Q

alcohol to bromoalkane

A

nucleophilic substitution
NaBr and 50% of H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

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10
Q

alcohol to chloroalkane

A

nucleophilic substitution
PCl5
observations- white misty fumes due to HCl

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11
Q

alcohol to iodoalkane

A

nucleophilic substitution
red phosphorus and I2, heat under reflux

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12
Q

halogenoalkane to primary amine

A

nucleophilic substitution
NH3 dissolved in ethanol in a sealed tube

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13
Q

halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

nucleophilic substitution
ethanolic KCN, heat under reflux

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14
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

nucleophilic substitution
aqueous KOH

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15
Q

halogenoalkane to gringard’s reagent

A

addition
Mg in dry ether, heat under reflux

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16
Q

nitrile to primary amine

A

reduction
LiAlH4 in dry ether or hydrogen with nickel catalyst

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17
Q

amide to primary amine

A

reduction
LiAlH4 in dry ether

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18
Q

polymerisation of alkenes

A

addition
60 degrees

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19
Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

oxidation
K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4, heat under reflux

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20
Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde

A

oxidation
K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4, distil

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21
Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A

oxidation
K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4, heat under reflux

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22
Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

reduction
LiAlH4 in dry ether

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23
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

nucleophilic addition
KCN in conc. H2SO4

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24
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

oxidation
K2Cr2O7, dilute H2SO4, heat under reflux

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25
gringard’s reagent to primary alcohol
addition methanal
26
gringard’s reagent to secondary alcohol
addition aldehyde
27
gringard’s reagent to tertiary alcohol
addition ketone
28
gringard’s reagent to carboxylic acid
addition CO2
29
ketone to hydroxynitrile
nucleophilic addition KCN in conc. H2SO4
30
ketone to alcohol
reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether
31
carboxylic acid to primary alcohol
reduction LiAlH4 in dry ether
32
nitrile to carboxylic acid
hydrolysis dilute acid, heat under reflux
33
amide to carboxylic acid
hydrolysis dilute basic solutions, with heat
34
carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
nucleophilic substitution PCl5
35
acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
nucleophilic addition elimination H2O other products- HCl
36
acyl chloride to amide
nucleophilic addition elimination NH3 other products- ammonium chloride
37
acyl chloride to ester
nucleophilic addition elimination alcohol other products- HCl
38
acid anhydride to amide
nucleophilic addition elimination NH3, primary and secondary amines
39
acid anhydride to ester
nucleophilic addition elimination alcohol other products- carboxylic acid
40
acid anhydride to carboxylic acid
nucleophilic addition elimination alcohol ester
41
carboxylic acid to ester
condensation alcohol, conc. H2SO4, heat under reflux other products- water
42
ester to carboxylic acid
hydrolysis water and dilute acid other products- alcohol
43
ester to carboxylate ion
hydrolysis water and NaOH other products- alcohol
44
acyl chloride to secondary amine
nucleophilic addition elimination primary amine other products- alkyl ammonium chloride
45
amine (limited) + copper (II) ions
ligand substitution/acid-base products- [Cu(H2O)2(OH)4]2+ and alkyl ammonium ions
46
amine (in excess) + copper (II) ions
ligand substitution/acid-base products- [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ and water and hydroxide ions
47
amine + acid
acid-base product- alkyl ammonium salt
48
amine + water
acid-base alkyl ammonium salt and hydroxide ion
49
benzene to alkylbenzene
electrophilic substitution halogen, warm AlCl3/FeBr3
50
benzene to phenyl ketone
electrophilic substitution acyl chloride and AlCl3 catalyst
51
benzene to nitrobenzene
electrophilic substitution conc. HNO3 and H2SO4 not exceeding 50 degrees
52
nitrobenzene to phenylamine
electrophilic substitution tin catalyst and conc, HCl, heat under reflux and then NaOH
53
phenol to nitrophenol
electrophilic substitution dilute HNO3 if conc, HNO3 then trinitrophenol is formed
54
benzonitrile to benzoic acid
hydrolysis heat with NaOH
55
benzoic acid to benzoyl chloride
distillation phosphorus pentachloride
56
benzoyl chloride to benzoic acid
nucleophilic addition elimination hot water
57
bromination of phenol
electrophilic substitution Br2, room temperature products- 2,4,6-tribromophenol observations- orange to colourless and white precipitate forms
58
polyamide (polypeptide) formation
condensation amino acids
59
polyamide formation
condensation polymerisation dicarboxylic acid and diamine
60
polyester formation
condensation dicarboxylic acid and diol
61
carboxylic acid + alkali
metal carboxylate + water
62
carboxylic acid + metal
metal carboxylate + hydrogen
63
carboxylic acid + metal carbonate
metal carboxylate + carbon dioxide + water
64
carboxylic acid + metal oxide
metal carboxylate + water

Organic Reactions Edexcel A Level Chemistry (1 decks)

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