Reactive Lesions of the Oral Mucosa

Question 1

what type of epithelium is the oral mucosa

Answer 1

stratified squamous

Question 2

what are the gross types of oral mucosa

Answer 2

lining
masticatory
gustatory

Question 3

what are the microscopic types of oral mucosa

Answer 3

non-keratinised
keratinised - parakeratosis/orthokeratosis

Question 4

name a keratinised part of the oral mucosa

Answer 4

palate

Question 5

where does cell division occur

Answer 5

basal and suprabasal cells

Question 6

what strata are in the cornified part of the epithelium

Answer 6

stratum corneum

Question 7

what strata are in the maturation part of the epithelium

Answer 7

granulosum
spinosum

Question 8

what strata is the progenitor part of the epithelium

Answer 8

basal

Question 9

what is keratosis

Answer 9

parakeratosis of non-keratinised site

Question 10

what is acanthosis

Answer 10

hyperplasia of stratum spinosum

Question 11

what is elongated rete ridges

Answer 11

hyperplasia of basal cells

Question 12

what is atrophy

Answer 12

reduction in viable layers

Question 13

what is erosion

Answer 13

partial thickness loss

Question 14

what is ulceration

Answer 14

full thickness loss with fibrin on surface

Question 15

what is dysplasia

Answer 15

disordered maturation in a tissue

Question 16

what is atypia

Answer 16

changes in cells

Question 17

what leads to atrophy

Answer 17

age and nutritional deficiencies

Question 18

what nutritional deficiencies leads to atrophy and glossitis

Answer 18

iron
vit B12
folate

Question 19

what does atrophy of the tongue predispose you to

Answer 19

infection

Question 20

what factors does how our oral mucosa react to trauma depend on

Answer 20

irritation
time
person

Question 21

what are the forms of oral mucosa reaction

Answer 21

inflammation
keratosis
ulceration
fibrous tissue formation
formation of vesicles and bullae

Question 22

what are epulides

Answer 22

soft tissue swellings on the gingiva

Question 23

why do epulides occur

Answer 23

chronic inflammation/chronic trauma

Question 24

what does the word peripheral mean in describing where a lesion originates from

Answer 24

originates on the gingiva not jaw bone

Question 25

what is seen on histology from a fibrous epulis

Answer 25

ulceration granulation tissue metaplastic bone formation

Question 26

what can be seen on pyogenic granuloma (vascular epulis) histology

Answer 26

blood vessels

Question 27

what is a pyogenic granuloma made of

Answer 27

granulation tissue

Question 28

why does a pyogenic granuloma arise

Answer 28

response to trauma

Question 29

where can a pyogenic granuloma arise

Answer 29

any mucosal site

Question 30

if a pyogenic granuloma is present during pregnancy what is it called

Answer 30

pregnancy epulis

Question 31

if a giant cell lesion is on gingiva or alveolus what is it called

Answer 31

epulis

Question 32

what can be seen on the histology of giant cell epulis

Answer 32

giant cells

Question 33

what are giant cells

Answer 33

fused macrophages

Question 34

what are the causes of giant cell epulis

Answer 34

unphagocytosable material local chronic irritation infection agents hormonal stimulation of cells - osteoclasts autoimmune disease - sarcoidosis

Question 35

what do you need to exclude in your diagnosis of a giant cell lesion

Answer 35

systemic disease raised PTH - low vit D in diet, malabsorption, renal disease

Question 36

what is a fibroepithelial polyp

Answer 36

reactive hyperplastic lesion

Question 37

what fibrous overgrowths can be caused from denture use

Answer 37

denture induced hyperplasia leaf fibroma papillary hyperplasia of palate

Question 38

what is seen on the histology of papillary hyperplasia of the palate

Answer 38

pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia

Question 39

what can come with papillary hyperplasia of palate

Answer 39

candidal infection

Question 40

what drugs induce fibrous overgrowth

Answer 40

antihypertensives - Ca channel blockers anti-epileptics - phenytoin immunosuppressants - ciclosporin

Question 41

what treatment is needed for drug induced fibrous overgrowth

Answer 41

repeated gingivectomy

Question 42

why does pregnancy gingivitis occur

Answer 42

increased progesterone levels

Question 43

what does pregnancy gingivitis respond to treatment wise

Answer 43

oral hygiene measures

Question 44

what are the 2 types of hamartomas

Answer 44

capillary and cavernous

Question 45

what type of vascular lesions can you get

Answer 45

haemangioma present at birth sturge weber syndrome vascular malformation evident later in life