Reactivity Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the flame test colour for lithium (Li⁺)?
Red
What is the flame test colour for sodium (Na⁺)?
Yellow
What is the flame test colour for potassium (K⁺)?
Lilac
What is the flame test colour for calcium (Ca²⁺)?
Orange-red
What is the flame test colour for copper(II) (Cu²⁺)?
Blue-green
How do you test for ammonium ions (NH₄⁺)?
Test the gas with damp red litmus paper
It turns blue if ammonia gas (NH₃) is present
What is the result of adding sodium hydroxide to Cu²⁺ solution?
A blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide forms.
What is the result of adding sodium hydroxide to Fe²⁺ solution?
A green precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide forms.
What is the result of adding sodium hydroxide to Fe³⁺ solution?
A brown precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide forms.
How do you test for chloride ions (Cl⁻)?
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate — a white precipitate of silver chloride forms.
How do you test for bromide ions (Br⁻)?
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate — a cream precipitate of silver bromide forms.
How do you test for iodide ions (I⁻)?
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate — a yellow precipitate of silver iodide forms.
How do you test for sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻)?
Add hydrochloric acid and barium chloride — a white precipitate of barium sulfate forms.
How do you test for carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻)?
Add hydrochloric acid — carbon dioxide is released (test using limewater, which turns cloudy).
How is the reactivity series determined?
By observing how metals react with water, acids, and oxygen.
What happens when a reactive metal reacts with an acid?
Hydrogen gas is released and a salt is formed.
What happens when a very reactive metal reacts with cold water?
Hydrogen gas is produced and a metal hydroxide forms (e.g., potassium, sodium, calcium).
What is a displacement reaction in the reactivity series?
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
