Read Ahead ELO Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
IDENTIFY the three categories of air reconnaissance.
A
- Visual
- Imagery - Optical & Non Optical
Optical - lens, still, needs light, picture
Non-Optical - IR or radar
IR - clouds bad, thermal diff, not all wx
Radar - all wx, no light req - Electronic -
2
Q
IDENTIFY the prerequisites for effective air reconnaissance.
A
- Air Superiority -
3
Q
IDENTIFY the prerequisites for effective air reconnaissance.
A
- Air Superiority - no proh intrf
- SEAD - historically artillery
- Cooperative WX - force recon a/c down into ADA, also affects sensor fidelity
- Capable platforms and sensors - has to be accurate
- Flexible control - responsive & redundant
4
Q
IDENTIFY the characteristics of the five different groups of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
(UAS).
A
- <21 LBS <1200’ AGL <100 KNTS
- 21-55 LBS <3500’ AGL <250 KNTS
- 56-1320 LBS <18,000’ AGL <250 KTS
- > 1320 LBS <18,000’ AGL Any speed
- > 1320 LBS >18,000” AGL Any speed
5
Q
3 types or UAS in USMC FOS
A
Small - SUAS - Raven, Wasp, Pums
Small Tactical - RQ-21A Blackjack
Marine Corps Tactical - RQ-7B
6
Q
IDENTIFY the range, endurance, and payload of the RQ-7B Shadow.
A
67 NM, 9 Hrs, & EO/IR payload 10 km detection and 7 km recognition
7
Q
IDENTIFY the element of the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) the Small UAS
supports.
A
Battalion owned, company employed, employed by TACP
8
Q
IDENTIFY the two primary purposes of Antiair Warfare (AAW).
A
- Force Protection - guard friendlies against atk or disruption
- Air Superiority - Dominate air battle & permit land/air/sea ops w/o proh intrf.
9
Q
LIST AND DESCRIBE the three principles of Antiair Warfare (AAW).
A
- Destruction in depth - detect and destroy threat as far from vital area as possible
- Mutual Support - support that units provide each other; based on tasks, position, & capes. When employed, ensures continuous engagement, survivability, &
10
Q
LIST AND DESCRIBE the three principles of Antiair Warfare (AAW).
A
- Destruction in depth - detect and destroy threat as far from vital area as possible
- Mutual Support - support that units provide each other; based on tasks, position, & capes.
- Centralized command & decen control - MAGTF CO relies on ACE CO, ACE CO delegates to MACCS and specifically to the Sector Antiair Warfare Coordinator (SAAWC).
This principle results in an IADS
11
Q
IDENTIFY two types of Antiair Warfare (AAW).
A
- OAAW: destroy En air assets and air defense sys before they are used.
- Air defense: defensive measures that dest, mollify, or reduce effectiveness of En a/c or missiles on planet earth
12
Q
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE passive and active Air Defense measures.
A
- Active - direct action to dest, null, or reduce from A/C, Air Def weapons, EW< or other weapons
- Passive - anything no active that minimizes effectives of hostile air action. Includes deception, dispersion, camouflage
13
Q
IDENTIFY the four operational elements of Theater Air Defense (TAD).
A
- Active - protects - dest air/missile threats, maybe in flight - tiered - air, land, sea, space, specops conduct
- Passive - reduces vulnerability, minimizes damage: includes early warning, counter surv, deception, camo
- Attack - air, land, sea, space, specops; dest, disrupt or neut,
- Command, Control, Comm, Comp, and Intel (C4I) - performed through MACCS; integrated, provide command with data on En and friendly TADs/IADS
14
Q
DESCRIBE the United States Marine Corps (USMC) squadrons and the associated aircraft
that are included in assault support.
A
- VMM - Marines Medium TR
Troops, equip and supplies, AW day/night, joint exped, or combined ops
METS: exped shore based, exped sea based, assault transport, air logistical sup, TRAP, AD, rapid insert/extract, ADGR, BI, C2 - HMH - Heavy Heli
joint, exped, combined ops w/ HE, combat troops,
supplies, AW, day/night
METS: exped shore based, assault transport, AD,
TRAP, Air Evac, Exped sea based sites, rapid insert/extract, ADGR, - HMLA - Med light attack heli
MIss: provide OAS, utility sup, armed escort, airborne supp arms coord
METS: exped shore based, CAS, Air interdiction, Armed recon, SCAR, FAC(A), TRAP, aerial escort, exped sea based, OAAW, active air defense - VMGR -
Miss: AR, assault supp, CAS
METS: exped shore based, combat AT, AR, ADGR, BI, CAS, MIR
15
Q
Assault support categories
A
Preplanned and immediate
Preplanned,
16
Q
STATE the general capabilities and limitations related to assault support operations.
A
HELO and TR
Capes: vertical climbs and descents, loading or offloading in hover, staying covered by terrain, speed, mobility, and flexibility in battle area, bypassing obstacles, operating from all types of ships, wx and surf conditions degraded, re-supply ground units, inaccessible areas,
Limitations: logistics sup req, noise and rotor wash, icing condictions, heavy wind, low illum, lift capes based on alt humidity and temp, weight and balance load reqs, AAA, SAMs, SMARMS, large scale ops require large landing areas, good vis, and illum
VMGR
capes: force ext through ADGR, 3000 ft strips, BI, 58k give, 10 hrs MIR/CAS
lims: shore based, dip clearances, needs escort
17
Q
IDENTIFY the six types of assault support operations.
A
- CAT: mobility, rapid, bypass obstacles
- AD: FOB resupply
- AAR: extends TOS, range, ferrying
- Air Evac: NEO, CASEVAC, extraction, done from secure rear areas
- TRAP: implied during all ops, fulfills PR req
- Air logistics: troops, equip, and supplies beyond helo range
18
Q
DESCRIBE assault support enhancements for Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF)
operations.
A
- strength against enemy weaknesses using speed and surprise
- op and tact mobility as well as log sup to MAGTF
19
Q
DESCRIBE assault support employment at the tactical level of war.
A
all tactical employment must seek to gain strategic results.
20
Q
Assault support lims
A
- limited visibility
- wx
- LZ identification
- reduced radius of action
- communications
- enemy defenses
- required escort support
21
Q
STATE the principal philosophy under which Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF)
Aviation operates.
A
- Centralized Command & Decent Conrol
- Based on 2 fundamental reqs of the ACE commander
- The ACE is designated as the ME for the use of combat arms
22
Q
DESCRIBE how the control of aircraft and missiles relates to the other five functions of
United States Marine Corps (USMC) Aviation.
A
- Provides means for MAGTF command to have C2 auth over Marine Aviation assets.
- supports warfighing functions of C2 and supports Marines on ground
- ACE CO maintains cent command while control in decent and executed thru the MACCS
23
Q
DEFINE air direction.
A
The auth to regulate employment of air resources to maintain the balance between assets and accomplishing ACE mission
Sh
24
Q
DEFINE air direction.
A
The auth to regulate employment of air resources to maintain the balance between assets and accomplishing ACE mission
Should result in heightened readiness, & shorter response times
25
DEFINE air control.
Directed the physical maneuver of a/c in flight or direct a surface to air system to a specific target.
Includes airspace management and airspace control.
26
STATE the principal objectives of the Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS).
1. Enhance unity of effort: facilitates informations exchanges, real time feedback. The MACCS is the medium for this info flow
2. Integrate elements of C2 system: command all sair ops in AO and integrate with other services. Processes large amounts of info. Balances staff inputs and automated systems. Uses automated systems to provide rapid retrieval and manipulation of info.
3. Disseminate common situational awareness: MACCS provides the COMMON TACTICAL PICTURE. Thru Control of AC and MIssiles, MACCS focues the other 5 functions into a coordinated effort. Allows the MAGTF commanders intent to be rapidly adjusted to.
27
IDENTIFY the primary role of each agency of the Marine Air Command and Control System
(MACCS).
1. TACC - senior agency, ACE CO and battlespace, produces ATO, inputs to Air Control Plan (ACP) and ACO. manages assets.
28
TACC sections
1. future plans
2. current ops; executes ATO
3. air combat intel: intregral to future and current ops
4. future ops: planning and allocation
5. Phased: during exped ops, TACC will be phased ashore to fall under Navy TACC
29
DASC
Direct air support center - procedural control
1. direction of air ops supporting ground forces
2. falls under TACC or Navy TACC
3. first air control ashore
4. normally colocated to GCE FSCC
5. receives ATO from TACC
6. receives, processes, and coord immediate request,
7. adjusting, diverting, and launching,
8. coord DAS
9. provides threat and advisory info to ac
10. deconflicts with IDF
11. provides similar support as the ASOC
30
TAOC
Tactical air operations center - responsible for real time airspace surveillance, air direction and control, and coordinating weapons systems for 6 functions
1. primary AAW warfare agency
2. collects from organic and joint sensors
3. performs delegated air direction functions
4. coordinates airspace (delegated by TACC)
5. tanker control
6. deep aviation fires (processes request for DAS and OAS)
7. Early Warning and Control EW/C is a detachment of the MACS squadron
8. identifies everything in sector/provides early warning
9. backup to the tacc
10. theater missiles defense
31
TACC Tasks
1. TACC - senior agency, ACE CO and battlespace, produces ATO, inputs to Air Control Plan (ACP) and ACO. manages assets.
2. Maintains SA on friendly sit
3. Manages air assets and Surf to Air weapons in AO to ensure balance of assets
4. changes to ROE
5. supervises EW ops
6. C2 w/ outside agencies/countries
7. coordinated air defense weapons with TAOC
8. provides MACCS agencies with ATO's frags, and alert conditions
9. airspace coordination
32
SADC Sector Air Defense Commander
1. Responsible to MAGTF commander for the supervision, management, and coordination of air defense ops within assigned sector.
2. Responsible for managing/supervising Ballistic Missile Defense ops.
33
Marine Air Traffic Control Det (MATCD)
1. Principal air control agency in MACCS
| 2. Coordinates with SADC, TAOC, and LAAD Bn on air defense and management of base defense zone
34
For airfield management functions, who does the MATC coordinate with?
Airfield ops and MWSS
35
Who does the MATCD report to about ATC issues?
TACC
36
How many MMT's does the MATCD provide?
3. They support MAGTF, joint and combined ops
37
Who provides METOC services?
The MATCD
38
What does the MATCD provided to friendly a/c?
all weather radar/non-radar, Navigational assistance, precision and non-precision, airspace control, management, and surveillance in sector
39
How does the MAGTF/joint force receive radar air surveillance data?
From a Tactical data link provided by the MATCD.
40
Does the MATCD serve as a liason to other joint/civil ATC agencies?
Yes
41
What does MMT Provide?
ALZ surveys, marking, lighting, ATC servive, nav aids, integratation with air C2 and ground units.
42
How long can MMT operate without resupply?
72 hours
43
What can a MATCD at a FOB provide?
- ATNAVICS Air Traffic Navigation, integration, and Coordination system
- 60 NM surveillance, IFF, Comm, NAVAIDS, Control Tower
44
What system does METOC use to gather weather data?
The Meteorological Mobile Facility (Replacement) Next Generation (MetMF(R)NexGen)
- IPBs
- pilot to metro
- all types of wx sensing
- 175-1's
45
What does MWCS - Marine Wing Comm Squadron do?
Backbone of ACE and MEB comms, They provide comm for the ACE, MEB, MEU, MACCS agencies
46
What is MWCS responsible for?
Install, mx, and operation of 2 distinct comm structures
- ACE CO to subordinates
- MACC agency to MACC agency
47
How many dets does MWCS 28/38 active and 18active/48reserve have?
3 and 1
48
Who provides the senior airfield operational systems control center?
the MWCS does, at up to 2 airfields per MWCS company
49
What kind of services does the MWCS provide?
LAN, SC comms, Electronic messaging, multichannel radios, satellite comms, telephones
50
Who provides a task organized ground security force at MAGTF air sites when they aren't conducting are defense?
LAAD
51
What does LAAD use for air defense?
close in, low altitude weapons like the stinger and crew served weapons
52
Does LAAD provide early warning of hostile air threats?
Yes
53
What ground support does LAAD provide?
mounted combat patrols, ECPS, base defense op center
54
Who advises the ground commander on matters of tactical air support?
TACP
55
Who prepares and forwards request for tactical air support?
TACP
56
What task can a FAC(A) do?
```
radio relay
Recon
IDF CFF
stack control
BDA
target marking
SEAD
TAC
```
57
What are the three types of airborne coordinators?
TAC(A)
ASC(A)
(SCAR)
58
Who would be a site airborne extension of the MACCS?
TAC(A)
59
Who decides how much authority a TAC(A) has in his area?
the DASC and TACC
60
What is the duty of a TAC(A)?
coordinate with TACP, FSCC, FAC(A), ASA(A), and NSFS.
| basically coordinate air assets with other supporting arms.
61
What does the integrating function of Control of Aircraft and Missiles do?
It allows the other 5 functions to manifest as a lethal, timely, and effective force multiplier
62
What principal tenet does MAGTF aviation operate under?
Centralized command and decentralized control?
63
What does the MAGTF commander designate the ACE for?
As the ME for the use of combat arms supporting the MAGTF
64
The ACE commander exercises centralized command by:
planning aviation ops
planning battlespace use
planning use of aircraft, crews, ordnance, fuel
planning coordination with joint aviation
tasking, directing, and coordinating MAGTF aviation
65
How does the ACE commander achieve decentralized control?
By allowing his assets to be control by various agencies in the MACCS
66
Who plans and executes the MAGTF's ATO anc ACO?
The MACCS
67
Air Control tasks are:
Tasks dealing with the actual maneuver of aircraft and surface to air weapons
68
Air control tasks include
airspace management
| airspace control
69
What serves as the medium for the ACE Commander to promulgate his intent?
the MACCS
70
What does the CTP provide commanders?
The ability to maintain SA
71
Who produces the Marine Direct support ATO?
TACC
72
Who maintains complete info on friendly sit, status of air/ground forces, air sit, and ground combat info?
TACC
73
Who promulgates changes to the ROE?
TACC
74
Who is the SADC designated by and co located with?
The Area Air defense commander and the MAGTF's air defense agency
75
SADC tasks
1. air defense COA's
2. GBAD unit employment
3. air defense portion of op orders
4. manage and supervise BMD ops
76
What is a LAAD Bn typically made up of?
60 Fire Unit Vic Teams. Each weapon system having a stinger team and crew served weapon.
77
LAAD Tasks
1. maintain capes as highly mobile, MANPADS and ground defensive fires component
2. providing for separate deployment of subordinate batteries
3. Plan/coordinate for liaison and comms
4. Provide early warning of hostile air threats
5. combat ground patrols and ECPS
78
TACP is organized under...`
the GCE as an agency of the MACCS
79
What is the difference between FAC(A) and TAC(A)
FAC(A) is an airborne extension of ground TACP
| TAC(A) is an extension of the DASC or TACC
80
What does an ASA(A) do?
1. provides SA to assault support force
2. relays immediate ASRs to DASC
3. relays other info
4. if authority if delegated by the ACE, he exercises launch authority of immediate and on call.
5.
81
*Define EW*
EW is any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the EMS or to attack the Enemy.
82
*Describe subdivisions of EW*
1. EW Support (ES)
2. Electronic Attack (EA)
3. Electronic Protection (EP)
83
*Identify planning considerations of EW*
1. Countermeasures
2. EM Interference
3. Electronic interference
4. Electronic Intelligence
5. EMCON
84
*List and describe capes and lims of ground or airborne EW*
Ground
1. capes: continuous ops, support ground ops directly, respond to EW requirements of supported ground commander, provide jamming of enemy air defenses and enemy C3 systems
2. Limitations: vulnerable to enemy attack, masked by terrain, vulnerable to EP actions taken by enemy, vulnerable to enemy EM deception
Air
1. Capes: DS to other tacair missions, extended EW range over ground EW capes, mobility and flexibility, support ground units in GS or in coordination with RADBn
2. Lims: limited assets, TOS considerations, Vulnerablet o En EP actions, vulnerable to En EP deception
85
*Describe MAGTF EW assets*
1. RadBn
2. Ground cased EW
3. F-35
4. Interpid Tiger II V1 and V3
86
What is the purpose of ES?
1. Immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and future ops.
2. Drives EA, EP, avoidance, targeting, and other employments
3. Date collection/produce intelligence
- SIGINT
87
What is Electronic Attack (EA)?
Division of EW involving use of EM energy, directed energy or antiradiation weapons
88
What is the purpose of EA?
Attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability
89
Is EA a form of fires?
Yes
90
What are common types of EA?
1. Spot
2. Barrage
3. Sweep Jamming
4. Deception techniques such as false target or duplicate target generation
91
What is directing energy?
technology that produces a beam of concentrated EM energy or atomic/subatomic particles...i.e. a laser
92
What is a common anti-radiation weapon?
AGM-88 HARM High speed antiradiation missile
93
What is Electronic protection (EP)?
Used passive and active means to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment.
94
To protect US Forces, EP must....
minimized enemy opportunity to conduct successful EA or ES ops against US forces. They do this by...
1. regularly briefing EW threat
2. providing training
3. ensure Electronic systems are safeguarded
95
What are techniques used to accomplish EP?
EMCON
length of transmission
AOA - terrain masking
directional antennas
96
Countermeasures
1. device or technique
2. impair operational effectiveness of En
3. active or passive
4. preemptive or reactive
97
EMCON includes
1. detection by enemy sensors
2. Mutual interference among friendly systems
3. inhibitors to executing a military deception plan.
98
What is ground EW?
Used the Mobile Electronic Warfare Support System (MEWSS)
| Directed against tactical comms
99
What is the mission of RadBn?
Provide COMSEC monitoring, tactical SIGINT, EW, and special intel comms support to the MAGTF.
100
How does RadDn achieve EA?
1. SC comm jamming
| 2. Off board jamming assets such as IT II
101
How does RadBn achieve ES?
1. detect comm freqs or interest
102
How does RadBn achieve ES?
1. detect comm freqs of interest
| 2. Use detects to drive EA
103
How does RadBn achieve EP?
1. deconflict friendly comms
2. enable frequency encryption
3. provide specific hardware for electronic hardening
104
What is electronic hardening?
actions to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment by filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, blanking, and shielding against effects of EM energy
105
Ground based EW includes:
1. Crewed EW (RCIED) & detections/selective comms jamming
2. PAPERSPOCK: man portable, detects enemy comms, single freq jamming capes
3. RODENT: information operations broadcast on single freq
4. Comm Emitter sending and attack system: Sole USMC high power ground EA (detects, denys, and disrupts threat comms)
5. C-UAS: detect, deny , disrupt threat UAS
106
Airborne EW includes:
1. FA-18: HARM, AARGM (similar to HARM but has GPS)
2. F-35: reactive jamming of En threat radars
3. AV-8B: Interpid tiger II v1 pod (jamming, information broadcast
4. KC-130: future IT II v1 and IT II block X
5. UH-1: IT II v3: wider range of coverage than v1
6. MV-22: first platform slated for IT II block X
7. AH-1: IT II v3 under development
107
What are the two categories of OAS?
DAS and CAS
108
*What are the two categories of OAS?*
DAS and CAS
109
*OAS is defined as*
Those air operations conducted against enemy installation, facilities, and personnel to directly assist in the attainment of MAGTF objectives through destruction or isolation.
110
The MAGTF commander uses OAS to:
1. shape
2. create windows of opportunity
3. restric enemy freedom of actions
4. disrupt cohesion and En tempo
111
The MAGTF commander uses OAS to:
1. shape
2. create windows of opportunity
3. restric enemy freedom of actions
4. disrupt cohesion and En tempo
112
*What is DAS?*
Action against En targets at such as distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each mission with fire and movement from friendly forces is not required
113
Can DAS missions be flown on either side of the FSCL?
Yes, the qualifying factor or DS is the coordination with friendly fires and movement is not required
114
*What are the 3 types of DAS missions?*
1. AI
2. AR
3. SCAR
115
What is AI?
AI destroys, neutralizes, or delays Enemy military potential before it effects friendlies. Usually uses large strike packages on C3 nodes, bridges, railways....targets briefed in advanced
116
What are the support requirements for AI?
AR, EW, and SEAD
117
What is AR?
AR missions locate and attack targets of opportunity in assigned areas....targets not briefed in advance
118
What does AR provide?
1. engages En before it threatens MAGTF
2. denies En use of key terrain and undetected movement
3. provides timely warning of attacks
4. degrades En mobility
5. reports high value info
6. covers large areas
119
SCAR missions are closely linked with AR. They...
Aquire, report, and coordinate destruction of targets
- provide mark or talk on for AR
- provide location for AI
120
SCAR mission are flown by...
any aircraft assigned to coordinate DAS attacks
121
SCAR planning considerations
1. no FAC(A) required
2. can be performed by any AC capable of executing AR missions
3. may provide target, location, description, and area weather
122
Can CAS be defensive or offensive?
Yes
123
What level of apportionment and allocation processed occur for CAS?
Operational level
124
CAS is in "Close" proximity to friendly forces. What does "close" mean?
Not a distance. It implies the requirement for detailed integration because of proximity, fires, or movement. This is the determining factor.
125
Who is responsible for integrating CAS into the CONOPS?
The JFC and staff
126
What is TAC?
The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons release clearance to attacking a/c. JTAC or FAC
127
*Describe the MWSS*
It provides essential AGS to the ACE and supporting/attached MACG elements. Supports FW/RW simultaneously.
128
*Identify which operations center is responsible for the MWSS's specific services and functions*
AGSOC
129
*List and describe the eight (six?) operational activities under MWSS responsibility*
1. Airfield ops at FOBS
2. Airfield Security ops (ASO)
3. Base recovery after attack (BRAAT)
4. Aircraft salvage ops
5. Airfield damage repair ops
6. FARP ops
130
*Identify the four Marine Wing Support Squadron's (MWSS's) airfield support functions*
1. Expeditionary airfield services (EAF)
2. Expeditionary firefighting and rescue (EFR)
3. Aviation and ground refueling
4. EOD
131
*Describe the seven air base support functions*
1. Air base commandant functions
2. Internal airfield communication
3. Motor T
4. Field Mess
5. Medical
6. Airfield Security
7. Engineer services
132
What does MWSS use to provide fuel to FW?
Tactical airfield fuel dispensing system (TAFDS)
- 6 x 20,000 gal
- 4 x 50,000 gal
- 320,000 gal total
- 1 MWSS has 3 TAFDS
- Can simultaneously fuel 12 aircraft
133
What does MWSS use to provide fuel to RW?
Helicopter Expedient Refueling System (HERS)
- 18 x 500 ga pods
- 3 x 3,000 gal tanks
- 18,000 gal total
- 1 MWSS has 3 HERS
- HERS site established in 4 hours
- ideal for FARPS
134
EAF operations require:
NAVAIR compliance
Marine Corps certification
Naval funding
NAMP adherence
135
EAF subsystems include these four things:
Surfacing systems
Lighting/marking systems
Visual landing AIDS
Aircraft recovery systems
136
EFR services include
1. Emergency services - incident command, aircraft responses, vehicle mishaps, tactical response team, aircraft salvage, medical/mass casualty
2. Primary / secondary mission of EFR is to save lives and protect property
137
EFR services include
1. Emergency services - incident command, aircraft responses, vehicle mishaps, tactical response team, aircraft salvage, medical/mass casualty
2. Primary / secondary mission of EFR is to save lives and protect property
138
EFR requirement for a main base:
2,000 gal, 2 x P-19
139
EFR requirement for an air facility:
1,000 gal, 1 x P-19
140
Who is responsible for establishing EFR requirements on a case by case basis?
MAGTF commander
141
MK970 refueler trailer is ideal for:
fueling or defueling aircraft
142
SIXCON
- 5 x 900 gal containers with 1 pump per system
- each MWSS rates 4 x SIXCONS
- can be loaded on 7 tons for LVSs
- good for FARPS
143
Ground expedient refueling system (GERS)
- provides fuel to ground equipment and vehicles
144
What manual governs EOD?
FMF Manual 13-8
145
What company is EOD task organized under?
Airfield operations company
146
How big are EOD response detachments?
minimum of 2 marines
147
EOD provides the ACE the ability to deal with:
- hung ordnance
- UXO
- stuck ammo
- jettison munitions
- area clearing during BRAAT ops
148
Internal airfield communication provded by MWSS air base support includes
- Internal date
- wire
- Phone
- Radio comm requirements at airfields/FOBS
149
Enginner services provided by MWSS air base support include:
- general engineering
- utilities
- material handling and heavy equipment
150
MWSS Motor T vs LCE Motor T
- MWSS Motor T caters to the ACE and is all intrabase.
- LCE handles larger MEF requirements and is interbase
- MWSS motor T moves ordnance
151
MWSS air base support medical services establish _____ and provide ____.
FLAS. sick call, preventative medicine, labs, xray, pharmacy
152
MWSS air base support medical services establish _____ and provide ____.
FLAS. sick call, preventative medicine, labs, xray, pharmacy
153
What are MCMs and how can they be given?
Maneuver control measures, graphically or orally
154
What do MCMs do?
- Assign responsibility
- coordinate fires/maneuver
- control combat ops
155
Boundaries are a type of MCM and they :
- define an AO with geographical limits.
| - represented by solids black lines
156
Coordinated firing line CFL is an FSCM that:
allows units to fire beyond without close coordination with the establishing HQ
157
Phase lines
- recognizable terrain feature across a zone of action
- can be used to control fires, movement, LOA, define an AO
- represented with black lines
158
Phase lines are a type of MCM and they:
- recognizable terrain feature across a zone of action
- can be used to control fires, movement, LOA, define an AO
- represented with black lines
159
Fire support areas (FSAs) are a type of MCM and they:
-gives ships a box to deliver fires from
160
Fire support stations (FSS) area type of MCM and they:
-give an exact location for a ship to fire from
161
The 3 types of airspace reference measures are:
- air control point (ACP)
- Bullseye (BULL)
- Contact point (CP)
162
An ACP is used for:
navigation, C3
163
A bullseye is used for:
- referencing something by magnetic bearing and range
- listed in ACO in lat/long
- placed above easily recognizable terrain
164
CP (contact point)
-can be selected from an existing ACP and the location where an aircraft checks in with controlling agency
165
The two categories of FSCMs are:
permissive and restrictive
166
The 5 types of permissive FSCMs are:
1. FFA - anyone can fire into - black lines
2. FSCL - all fires can engage beyond line - dashed line
3. BCL - METTC dependent - allows USMC IDF and CAS between it and the FSCL- eliminates enemy sanctuary - solid black line - USMC!!
4. CFL - surface to surface fires allowed without coordination - dashed line
5. Kill box - no need of TAC or coordination - blue (DAS) or purple (DAS and NSFS) 3d box - usually 30 min by 30 min - found in ACO
167
FSCL considerations
1. air strikes short of FSCL
2. Establishing an FSCL close in
3. Engagements beyond the FSCL
4. Adjustment by the establishing commander
5. carrying capabilities for acquisition and engagement
168
The 5 types of restrictive FSCMs are:
1. RFL: fires and effects cant cross without coordination - solid black line
2. ACA - 3d block of airspace safe from friendly surface fires - formal and informal
3. Zone of Fire (ZF) - assigned to gunfire support ships/ units (IDF) - solid black line
4. Restrictive Fire Area - regulates fire in designated area - solid black line
5. NFA - prohibits fires - unless case by case or self defense - black diagonal lines
169
3 types of ACMs are
1. Air Corridor (AIRCOR) - MRR & SAAFR
2. ROZ - reserved for specific activites (AAR, CAP, LZ, DZ, SSMS, UAS)
3. Stand alone - coordinating altitude (CA), Coordination level (CL - separates FW and RW), High density airspace control zone (HIDACZ)
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Air Defense Measures:
1. Fighter engagement zones - beyond range of surface air defense - fighter have responsibility
2. Missile engagement zones - HIMEZ, LOMEZ, SHORADEZ
3. Joint engagement zones - without IFF, should be broken in MEZ and FEZ
4. Base defense zone - defends base with short range SAMs, must have entry, exit requirements
171
*Define the electromagnetic spectrum*
The entire range of electromagnetic radiation from zero to infinity. Gamma rays to radio waves
172
*Define Cyberspace*
Cyberspace is a man made global domain within the Info environment consisting of IT, internet, telecoms, computers, embedded processors and controllers.
3 layers: Physical network, logical network, cyber-personal network
173
*Define Space*
The earth's ionosphere, magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and solar atmosphere
174
Dominant physical influences for space characteristics:
Electromagnetic radiation
charged particles
electric fields
magnetic fields
175
Dimensions of the Information Environment:
Informational, Physical, cognitive
