Reading 1

Question 1

Q1: Why is doing an outline before you write your paper important?
* It helps you make sure that your essay is organized and that the content is okay.
* An outline saves time.
* If you write without an outline, you often end up changing direction as you write.
* All of the above.

Answer 1

• All of the above.

Question 2

Q2: Which of the following definitions of logical fallacies is true:
* Hasty Generalization: A conclusion that assumes that if ‘A’ occurred after ‘B’, then ‘B’ must have caused ‘A.’
* Ad hominem: An emotional appeal that speaks to positive or negative concepts rather than the real issue at hand.
* Either/or: conclusion that oversimplifies argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices
* All of the above.

Answer 2

Either/or: conclusion that oversimplifies argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices

Question 3

Q3: To develop an outline from top down, one should not:
* Develop the thesis
* Think of the reasons (or claims) that the thesis is true
* Back claims up
* Add more detail and complexity to the outline

Answer 3

Add more detail and complexity to the outline

Question 4

Q4: To strengthen the argument, one can:
* Add more arguments of similar strength
* Anticipate and answer objections to the argument
* Use the whole paper to focus on the argument
* Repeat the same evidence in the argument for emphasis

Answer 4

Anticipate and answer objections to the argument

Question 5

Q6: Ethics is:
* A rational examination of people’s moral beliefs.
* A branch of philosophy.
* One way to determine which activities are “good” and which are “bad”.
* All of the above.

Answer 5

All of the above.

Question 6

Q7: A relativist claims that:
* There are no universal moral principles.
* Morality has an existence outside the human mind.
* Morality and law are identical.
* There is no such thing as free will.

Answer 6

There are no universal moral principles.

Question 6

Q8: Ethical objectivism is based on the idea that:
* There are no universal moral principles.
* Morality has an existence outside the human mind.
* Morality and law are identical.
* There is no such thing as free will.

Answer 6

Morality has an existence outside the human mind.

Question 7

Q5: The policeman who just pulled me over is as bad as Hitler. This argument is an example of:
* Moral equivalence
* Ad populism
* Straw man
* Red herring

Answer 7

Moral equivalence

Question 8

Q9: Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?
* The divine command theory is not based on reason.
* It is fallacious to equate “the good” with “God”.
* God is all-knowing.
* Some moral problems are not addressed directly in scripture.

Answer 8

God is all-knowing.

Question 9

Q10: Ethical egoism is:
* Not based on reason or logic.
* Based on determining long-term beneficial consequences.
* The divine command theory by another name.
* Kantianism by another name.

Answer 9

Based on determining long-term beneficial consequences.