Reading A & B

Question 1

What is interpersonal communication?

Answer 1

A complex process of creating meaning in the context of an interpersonal relationship.

Question 2

What are the basic components of the communication process?

Answer 2

• Source
• Message
• Channel
• Receiver
• Noise
• Feedback
• Context

Question 3

What is the source in the communication process?

Answer 3

The originator of the ideas and feelings expressed.

Question 4

What does encoding mean?

Answer 4

The process of putting a message into a code.

Question 5

What is decoding?

Answer 5

The process by which the receiver interprets the words or nonverbal cues.

Question 6

Define ‘message’ in the context of communication.

Answer 6

The written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning.

Question 7

What is a channel in communication?

Answer 7

The means by which the message is expressed to the receiver.

Question 8

Who is the receiver in the communication process?

Answer 8

The person or persons who interpret the message.

Question 9

What is noise in communication?

Answer 9

Anything that interferes with the message being interpreted as intended.

Question 10

What is feedback in communication?

Answer 10

A response to the message.

Question 11

What is context in communication?

Answer 11

The physical and psychological environment for communication.

Question 12

List the five principles of interpersonal communication.

Answer 12

• Connects us to others
• Irreversible
• Complicated
• Governed by rules
• Involves both content and relationship dimensions

Question 13

True or False: All interpersonal relationship problems are communication problems.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Explain why interpersonal communication is irreversible.

Answer 14

Once created, communication cannot be uncreated or taken back.

Question 15

What does it mean that interpersonal communication is complicated?

Answer 15

It involves multiple variables and interpretations, making misunderstandings common.

Question 16

What is a rule in interpersonal communication?

Answer 16

A followable prescription indicating what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts.

Question 17

What are explicit rules in communication?

Answer 17

Rules that are clearly stated or written.

Question 18

What are implicit rules in communication?

Answer 18

Rules that are understood but not directly stated.

Question 19

What is the content dimension of a communication message?

Answer 19

The information, ideas, or suggested action that the speaker wishes to share.

Question 20

What is the relationship dimension of a communication message?

Answer 20

Cues about the relationship between the communicators.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: Communication is governed by _______.

Answer 21

[rules]

Question 22

According to Osmo Wiio, if communication can fail, it ______.

Answer 22

it will

Question 23

What is the significance of feedback in communication?

Answer 23

It ensures that communication is effective by allowing responses and clarification.

Question 24

True or False: The rules of interpersonal relationships are always clear.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What happens when there is noise in communication?

Answer 25

The message may not be interpreted as intended.

Question 26

How can interpersonal communication connect us to others?

Answer 26

It enables interaction and relationship building through shared meaning.

Question 27

What does it mean that interpersonal communication is inescapable?

Answer 27

People cannot avoid communicating, even unintentionally.

Question 28

What is an example of unintentional communication?

Answer 28

Falling asleep during class.

Question 29

What role does context play in communication?

Answer 29

It influences how messages are interpreted based on environmental and relational factors.

Question 30

What are the two primary dimensions of a communication message?

Answer 30

Content Message and Relationship Message ## Footnote The content includes the information shared, while the relationship dimension provides cues about emotions and power dynamics.

Question 31

What does the content message consist of?

Answer 31

Information, ideas, or suggested action that the speaker wishes to share.

Question 32

What does the relationship message indicate?

Answer 32

Cues about emotions, attitudes, and the amount of power and control the speaker feels regarding the other person.

Question 33

What is metacommunication?

Answer 33

Communication about communication, which can be verbal or nonverbal.

Question 34

How can nonverbal communication contradict verbal messages?

Answer 34

Nonverbal cues, like tone of voice, can modify the meaning of verbal content.

Question 35

What is important to consider about meaning in communication?

Answer 35

Meaning is created in the heart and mind of the communicator, not in the words themselves.

Question 36

True or False: All interpersonal relationship problems are always communication problems.

Answer 36

False ## Footnote Understanding can exist even when there is disagreement.

Question 37

True or False: Interpersonal communication is irreversible.

Answer 37

True ## Footnote Once information has been communicated, it cannot be erased.

Question 38

What is a myth regarding interpersonal communication complexities?

Answer 38

There are always simple solutions to all communication problems.

Question 39

What is the first stage of a counseling session?

Answer 39

Empathic Relationship – Initiating the Session.

Question 40

What is essential for establishing rapport in a counseling session?

Answer 40

Using the client’s name and personalizing the session.

Question 41

What does structuring a session include?

Answer 41

Informed consent and outlining ethical issues.

Question 42

What should counselors listen for during the initial sessions?

Answer 42

Preliminary goals.

Question 43

What is the focus during Stage 2 of a counseling session?

Answer 43

Gathering data and drawing out the client's story and strengths.

Question 44

What technique helps clarify a client’s concern?

Answer 44

The basic listening sequence, including open and closed questions.

Question 45

What is the main objective of Stage 3 in the counseling process?

Answer 45

Mutual goal setting.

Question 46

Why is mutuality important in goal setting?

Answer 46

It ensures both counselor and client are aligned on the session's direction.

Question 47

What should counselors do with broad goals set in earlier sessions?

Answer 47

Refine and make them more precise.

Question 48

What is the emphasis of Stage 4 in counseling?

Answer 48

Exploring alternatives and restorying the client’s narrative.

Question 49

What is the goal of restorying in a counseling session?

Answer 49

To encourage clients to discover their own solutions.

Question 50

What are some useful questions to assist in client problem-solving?

Answer 50

* Can you brainstorm ideas? * What other alternatives can you think of? * Tell me about a success you have had.

Question 51

What is the primary role of the counselor during the exploration process?

Answer 51

To facilitate the client’s resolution of issues without judgment.

Question 52

What is the first step a counselor needs to take when addressing client issues?

Answer 52

Establish rapport ## Footnote Building a connection with the client is essential for effective counseling.

Question 53

How do counselors help clients identify desired outcomes?

Answer 53

By defining the issue and relating client concerns to desired outcomes

Question 54

What are the three basic ways to resolve the incongruity between problems and desired outcomes?

Answer 54

1. Use attending skills to clarify the client’s frame of reference 2. Use information, directives, and psychoeducational interventions 3. Use interpretation, self-disclosure, and other influencing skills

Question 55

What is the ultimate aim in the decision-making process in counseling?

Answer 55

Aim for decision and a new story

Question 56

What is the importance of planning for change in counseling?

Answer 56

It greatly increases the likelihood of behavior and attitude changes occurring in real life

Question 57

Fill in the blank: The most basic way to help clients maintain and use new learning is through _____ .

Answer 57

Contracting

Question 58

What are some techniques counselors can use to facilitate the transfer of learning from sessions?

Answer 58

1. Contracting 2. Homework and journaling 3. Follow-up and support

Question 59

What does assigning homework in counseling help with?

Answer 59

It helps the effect of the session continue after the session ends

Question 60

How can counselors provide follow-up and support?

Answer 60

By asking clients to return for further sessions with specific goals and providing emotional support

Question 61

True or False: Listening is just about hearing or seeing.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

What is attending behavior?

Answer 62

Supporting your client with individually and culturally appropriate verbal following, visuals, voice quality, and body language

Question 63

What exercise can help identify effective listening skills?

Answer 63

Experiencing poor listening

Question 64

What is the main goal of attending and listening behaviors in counseling?

Answer 64

To communicate empathy and understanding to the client