Reading Guide 9 Review Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is metabolism?
Describing chemical reactions happening inside a cell.
What are the two types of metabolism?
Catabolism and Anabolism
What is Catabolism?
When large molecules release energy by breaking down into small molecules.
What is Anabolism?
When small molecules release energy by gathering into large molecules.
Why are both catabolism and anabolism needed by cells?
They maintain energy balance in the cell.
What is a heterotroph?
They are organisms that rely on complex organic compounds.
What is an autotroph?
organisms that convert inorganic CO2 into organic carbon compounds.
What are Phototrophs?
organisms that get their energy from light for electron transfer.
What are Chemotrophs?
organisms that obtain energy for electron transfer by breaking chemical bonds.
How are lithotrophs and organotrophs get their energy?
Lithotrophs get their energy from inorganic compounds; organotrophs get their energy from organic compounds.
What is a PMF?
stands for proton motive force, and it is an electrochemical gradient formed by
the accumulation of hydrogen on one side of the membrane compared with the other.
What is Fermentation?
the flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane.
Compare and contrast aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration contains more ATP, accepts oxygen, reduces water, occurs in the
mitochondria, and uses integral proteins embedded in the inner membrane; Anaerobic respiration contains less ATP, accepts NO3, and reduces NO2, N2O, or N2.
Compare and contrast cell respiration (aerobic and anaerobic) and fermentation.
When electrons are transported from NADH and FADH2, cellular respiration starts.
Cellular respiration happens in the Krebs’ Cycle.
Even when cell respiration happens in the electron transport system; fermentation does
not.
Fermentation uses pyruvates as final electron acceptors; respiration uses organics and
inorganics as final electron acceptors.
What is the difference between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis?
In oxygenic photosynthesis
-Water is split
-supplies the electron to the reaction center
In Anoxygenic photosynthesis
-No oxygen is performed
-Use sulfides as electron donors
-Release free sulfur
