Reading Quiz 21 Flashcards
(11 cards)
Idols of the Cave
These idols represent our tendency to favor the views common to our particular class, ethnicity, or upbringing over any other views, which can hinder our ability to understand people who are very different from us.
Idols of the Marketplace
These idols represent our tendency to favor our interpretation of words over any other interpretation, which can lead to confusion in communication.
Idols of the Theatre
These idols represent our tendency to cherish the majority or established opinion over minority or novel opinion, which can inhibit our ability to relinquish flawed philosophies or paradigms.
Idols of the Tribe
These idols represent human tendency to engage in wishful thinking and hasty generalization.
Inductive Leap
A person’s acceptance of an inductive argument, which results from premises that lead as closely to the conclusion as possible.
Legal Precedent
A legal decision that sets a pattern, or establishes a principle or rule, that a court adopts when deciding later cases that have similar issues or facts.
Method of Concomitant Variance
A method developed by John Stuart Mill to test casual relationships, examine factors that appear to fluctuate simultaneously so that one increases as the other increases, or one decreases as the other decreases. One factor may also increase as the other decreases or vice versa. In these cases, one factor is usually the cause of the other.
Paradigm
A model that helps people understand complex phenomena.
Past and Future Fact
An argument technique that examines what had occurred in the past in order to draw conclusions about the present; a subtopic of circumstance.
Precedent
Often referred to as the subtopic of examples, it is a subtopic of testimony in which one looks to the past to figure out what to do.
Prejudice
A positive or negative opinion formed before evidence has been carefully examined; often based on hasty generalization.
