reading quiz 4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
history of hinduism traced back to
Indus Valley civilization and to the Indo-Aryan people who wrote the Vedas
in Indus Valley ___ we see early elements of Hinduism
Seals such as the Proto-Shiva seal
Sansrit
closely to the original language spoke by the earliest Indo-europeans
Arya
ancient speakers of Sanskrit who moved to India around 1500 BCE
Arya: sacrifice
maintains orders in the universe
Arya: social classes
- priests and ruler/warriors
last: traders/farmers
servant class from indigenous pole
the Aryans left a body of text in Sanskrit, the earliest example is
the vedas
Vedic period. what was the most important?
ritual: rites of sacrifice to sustain cosmic order and please gods
Vedic period: fire
fire was known as a god, and its mouth was a gateway to the celestial realm
Vedic period: Indra
god of lightning, thunder, rain, fertility; most powerful
what supplanted older Vedic emphasis on sacrifice
philosophical innovations and introspection
-revolution towards Upanishads
Upanishads
speculative texts; contemplative and philosophical reflection
Age of the Guptas
-period of remarkable creativity
-science, art, religion
-age of peace and prosperity (Golden Age) by allowing religious tolerance
- they were Hindu and proceed Vishnu and Shiva
what contributed to the rise of devotional Hinduism during the age of Guptas
the Sanskrit epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata
-politics, duty, obligations
-exploits of the gods
development of Bhakti
-Devotional aspects of Hinduism became popular under Guptas, but took on new life in southern India between 6th-9th century CE through Bhakti Marga- the path of devotion
-devotion through art, poetry, architecture, and temple building
Bhakti rose to challenge…
-Buddhism and Jainism
-Caste and gender prejudice (egalitarian)
tantra
-new system using symbols, rituals, yogic postures, breathing, mantras, and other spiritual practices to offer the possibility of sudden liberation from samsara
-connectedness of all things
-people’s egos are embedded in the caste identity
-became increasingly secretive with gaining popularity
