Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

child lang ! > reading & writing > Flashcards

reading & writing Flashcards

1
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘attempt’

A

an action or plan for the protagonist to solve the problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is pseudo reading

A

teaches children about the conventions of books & reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a grapheme

A

a letter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a phoneme

A

a sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the phonic approach focus on

A

the sounds of letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a synthetic phonic

A

once phonemes are learnt the child can then blend them to pronounce a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is analytic phonic

A

words are divided into the onset and the rime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the ‘whole word approach’ teach

A

to recognise individual words as wholes rather than units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘Story Grammar’

A

outlines the basic structure of the books that children read

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘setting’

A

introduction of main characters as well as the time and place for the story action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘initiating even’

A

an action of happening that sets up a problem or dilemma for the story

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘internal response’

A

the protagonists reactions to the initiating event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘consequence’

A

the result of the protagonist’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is Stein and Glenn’s ‘reaction’

A

a response by the protagonist to the consequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do children’s books tend to do

A

use phrasal verbs for clarity, use concrete nouns and avoid pronouns, use pictures to complement vocabulary, don’t separate subject from verb, avoid passive voice, avoid ellipsis and place line breaks at end of sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the ‘Graphophonic’ reading cue

A

looking at the shape of words and linking them to familiar graphemes or words to interpret them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the ‘semantic’ reading cue

A

understanding the meaning of words and making connections between words in order to decode new ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the ‘visual’ reading cue

A

looking at pictures and using the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words and ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the ‘syntactic’ reading cue

A

applying knowledge of word order and word classes to work out if a word seems right in the context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the ‘contextual’ reading cue

A

searching for understanding in the situation of the story - comparing it to their own experience of their pragmatic understanding of social conventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the ‘miscue’ reading cue

A

making errors when reading: a child might miss a word or substitute another that looks similar, or guess a word from the accompanying pictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the ‘prediction’ error in reading

A

when we read, we naturally predict what will come next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the ‘segmentation difficulties’ error in reading

A

children will strive to complete a sentence at the end of the line. they will read across punctuation in the middle of a line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the ‘ellipsis’ error in reading

A

ellipsis can lead to ambiguity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is Marie Clay's Emergent Literacy
children's writing begins to develop long before children can produce formal texts
26
what did Marie Clay say early writing helps
helps children to grasp seven 'principles' of development
27
what is Clay's 'recurring' principle
when a child knows only a limited number of letters, they will use these repeatedly to create a message
28
what is Clay's 'directional' principle
they learn that reading and writing goes from left to right and uses a return sweep to start the process again
29
what is Clay's 'generating' principle
the child learns that they there are a limited number of letters but that they can be combined in different ways - the child begins to recognise that there are patterns that can be use to convey a message
30
what is Clay's 'inventory' principle
the child begins to write lists of letters and words that they know as a summary of their own learning.
31
what did Goodman work on
built on emergent literacy and identified further principles
32
what is Goodman's 'functional' principle
the notion that writing can serve a purpose and has a function for the writer
33
what is Goodman's 'linguistic' principle
the notion that writing is a system that is organised into words and letters and has directionality
34
what is Goodman's 'relational' principle
children start to connect what they write with spoken words and understand that the alphabet carries meaning
35
what are the 10 basic skills for writing
motor skills, forming letters, letter directionality, cursive, recognise diagraphs, lineation, punctuation, use form an conventions, monitor their own writing
36
what are the stages of children's writing
drawing and sign writing, letter-like forms, copied letters, child's name and strings of letters, words, sentences and text
37
what do children learn from drawing and sign writing
children often experiment with a kind of sign writing which they regard as being different from drawing - they begin to understand that we use marks on the page to pass ideas from writers to reader
38
what do children learn from letter-like forms
individual signs produced have some letter-like features
39
what do children learn from copied letters
the child is able to overwrite, underwrite to copy letters sufficiently accurately for them to be recognised
40
what do children learn from strings of letters
the child independently writes strings of letters, usually including their own name
41
what do children learn from words
children learn that the sounds associated with groups of letters represent familiar spoken words. they develop an understanding of the principles underlying the use of the alphabet
42
what do children learn from sentences
children learn to write confidently and can begin to express ideas in writing that link several concepts - they do this without using capital letters and full stops systematically
43
what do children learn from text
writing involves combining clauses or sentences to express related ideas - understanding that writing has a structure
44
what are Barclay's seven stages
scribbling, mock handwriting, mock letters, conventional letters, invented spelling, approximated or phonetic spelling and conventional spelling
45
what is Barclay's 'scribbling' stage
random marks a page
46
what is Barclay's 'mock handwriting' stage
often appears with drawings
47
what is Barclay's 'mock letter' stage
children make letter-like shapes that resemble conventional alphabet letters
48
what is Barclay's 'conventional letter' stage
the first word to appear is usually the child's first name
49
what is Barclay's 'invented spelling' stage
as the child writes conventional letters, they begin to cluster letters to make words
50
what is Barclay's 'approximated or phonetic spelling' stage
children begin to associate sounds with the letters
51
what is Barclay's 'conventional spelling' stage
this occurs as the child's approximated spellings become more and more conventional
52
what is Kroll's first phase
prepartory stage (up to age 6)
53
what is Kroll's 'prepartory stage'
child masters the basic motor skills needed to write and the child learns the basic principles of the spelling system
54
what is Kroll's second stage
Consolidation stage (ages 7-8)
55
what is part of Kroll's 'consolidation stage'
child writes in the same way they speak, using short declarative sentences which include mainly 'and' conjunctions and incomplete sentences
56
what is Kroll's third phase
Differentiation stage (ages 9-10)
57
what is Kroll's differentiation stage
children become aware of the differences in speaking and writing, children recognise different writing styles and the child's writing tends to reflect thoughts and feelings
58
what is Kroll's fourth phase
integration stage (ages 12+)
59
what is Kroll's integration stage
child develops a personal style and the child understands that you can change your styles according to the audience and purpose
60
what does Vygotsky children need to develop writing
adults to act as an MKO, adults need to provide 'scaffolding' and adults need to place children in the 'zone of proximal development'
61
what must children understand to successfully write
the importance of register and be able to use the conventions of the genre in which they are writing
62
what is an example of a vocative
'dear' / 'to'
63
what is an example of a valediction
'from'
64
what is Rothery's 'observation' categories
the child makes an observation and follows with either an evaluative comment or mixes these in with the observation
65
what is Rothery's 'recount' categorie
usually a chronological sequence of events. Subjectively written in the first person
66
what is Rothery's 'report' categorie
a factual or objective description of events or things; tends not to be chronological
67
what is Rothery's 'narrative' categorie
a story genre where the scene is set for events to occur and be resolved at the end. It also has a set pattern
68
what is the pattern in Rothery's 'narrative' categorie
Orientation - Complication - Resolution - Coda
69
what is a Coda
moral of a story
70
what is Britton's 'expressive' mode
writing about personal experiences or feelings. uses the first person and typically based on personal preferences
71
what is Britton's 'poetic' mode
phonological features as a rhyme, rhythm and alliteration as well as descriptive devices such as adjectives and similes are common
72
what is Britton's 'transactonal' mode
style of academic essays as it is more impersonal in style and tone - third person is used to create a detached tone.
73
what is the first stage of spelling development
pre-phonemic
74
what is part of pre-phonemic stage of spelling development
pretending to write, repetition of familiar letters, left-to-right directionality
75
what is the second stage of spelling development
semiphonetic
76
what is part of the semiphonetic stage of spelling development
leaving random spaces in writing, uses a few known words in correct places
77
what is the third stage of spelling development
phonetic
78
what is part of the phonetic stage of spelling development
understands that all sounds can be represented by a grapheme, letters are assigned strictly on the basis of sound
79
what is the fourth stage of spelling development
transitional
80
what is part of the transitional stage of spelling development
combines phonic knowledge with visual memory, child moves toward visual spelling
81
what is the fifth stage of spelling development
conventional
82
what is part of the conventional stage of spelling development
spells most words correctly
83
what is the 'insertion' spelling error
adding extra letters
84
what is the 'omission' spelling error
leaving out letters
85
what is the 'substitution' spelling error
putting wrong letter in a word
86
what is the 'transposition' spelling error
using all the correct letters but placing them in the wrong order
87
what is the 'phonetic' spelling error
guessing letters that might come next
88
what is the 'over-generalisation' spelling error
applying a rule too much
89
what is the 'under-generalisation' spelling error
not using rules - not using magic 'e'
90
what is the 'salient sounds' spelling error
only saying key sounds
91
what is the 'Creative model'
children should be allowed to experiment creatively with language
92
what is the 'Rule-based model'
when a child understands the rules of spelling, punctuation and grammar their progress is more rapid
93
what is the role of adults
adults can framework childrens writing by suggesting content and providing a structure or opening sentences.
94
what is lexical development
children start with largely monosyllabic lexis as its easier to understand, three-letter constonant-vowel words are the most common
95
what is grammatical development
children progress from simple to complex sentences, older children may use passive voice
96
what is syntax development
adverb placement becomes more flexible and subordinate clauses may be fronted in layer writing

child lang ! (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions